{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T01:48:33Z","timestamp":1789436913003,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs, Republic of Korea","award":["F-1543386-2025-26-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-1543386-2025-26-01"]}]},{"award":["F-1543386-2025-26-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-1543386-2025-26-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04sbe6g90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: The efficacy of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines depends on the structural integrity of the 146S virions. However, instability of 146S antigens during vaccine manufacturing and storage can compromise vaccine quality. Despite its high immunogenicity, the Korean serotype O strain O Jincheon (O JC) exhibits poor physical stability. Methods: To enhance antigenic stability while preserving strain-specific antigenicity, we engineered a VP1-substituted recombinant virus, (R) O1 M\u2013O JC_VP1, by integrating the VP1 coding region of O JC into the O1 Manisa (O1 M) backbone. Results: The resulting chimeric virus exhibited significantly improved capsid stability, as demonstrated by an increased melting temperature and enhanced resistance to thermal stress, chloroform exposure, and long-term storage. Importantly, the recombinant antigen maintained its immunogenicity and induced antibody responses comparable to those induced by the parental O JC strain in vaccinated pigs. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that VP1-direct chimeric engineering can improve capsid stability without compromising antigenicity and provide a practical approach for developing a stable FMDV vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14050371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T13:44:33Z","timestamp":1776865473000},"page":"371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing Capsid Stability of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Vaccine Strain Through VP1-Directed Chimeric Design While Preserving Antigenicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Jong Sook","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2784-513X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giyoun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-A","family":"HwangBo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0825-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jong-Hyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3436-8175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Joon","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for FMD Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin-8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease","volume":"17","author":"Grubman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. 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