{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:06:39Z","timestamp":1785423999362,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Italian Ministry of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101137192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101137192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"award":["101137192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101137192"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020","award":["896932"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["896932"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Torquetenovirus (TTV) viremia is increasingly recognized as a biomarker of host immune competence. We assessed the association between baseline TTV DNA levels and immune responses to the Mpox virus (MPXV) and dengue virus (DGV) vaccines in two prospective cohorts. Methods: A total of 248 individuals were enrolled, and TTV DNA was quantified before vaccination. Humoral and cellular responses to MVA-BN (for MPXV) and QDENGA (for DGV) vaccines were measured by using serology, neutralization assays, and interferon-\u03b3 ELISpot, and correlations with TTV viremia were investigated. Results: TTV DNA was detected in 81.2% of individuals, with a significantly higher prevalence and viral loads in the Mpox-Vac group than in the DGV-Vac group. Between both groups, the only significant association observed was an inverse correlation between pre-vaccination TTV load and DGV neutralizing antibody titers in the DGV-Vac group and was limited to the subset of TTV-positive individuals; no additional correlations with antibody and T responses were identified. For the Mpox-Vac group, stratified analyses in people living with HIV (PLWH) confirmed this lack of association. Conclusions: TTV viremia does not predict vaccine immunogenicity in immunocompetent or mildly immunosuppressed individuals. These results, which derive from within-cohort analyses and do not rely on direct comparisons between heterogeneous vaccine populations, support the role of TTV as a marker of immune status along a continuum of immunosuppression, with predictive value likely confined to populations with more severe immune impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14050441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T08:50:12Z","timestamp":1778835012000},"page":"441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TTV Viremia and Immune Responses Following Vaccination Against Mpox and Dengue Viruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7833-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Minosse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6743-014X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro Giorgio","family":"Spezia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Belladonna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Bettini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2948-4243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Matusali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0640-8667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Colavita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7692-6606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefania","family":"Notari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Petrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Tiberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro Rosario","family":"Cavasio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0240-7504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Mazzotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1252-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2659-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Cimini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Immunology and Pharmacology Laboratory, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Focosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-4376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Delia","family":"Goletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5606-8712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Nicastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2121-4684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Antinori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7489-5271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Maggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology and Laboratories of Biosecurity, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sabbaghian, M., Gheitasi, H., Shekarchi, A.A., Tavakoli, A., and Poortahmasebi, V. 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