{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:36:14Z","timestamp":1785411374365,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016302","name":"Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02j9wvt50","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["220679\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220679\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["220679\/Z\/20\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["220679\/Z\/20\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/029chgv08","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Adenovirus-vectored vaccines played an important role in the global response to SARS-CoV-2. Adenovirus platforms have many advantages including a simple and readily transferred manufacturing process, low cost, and thermostability. Speed of production of an initial Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant batch has, however, been viewed as a limitation of adenovirus vectors relative to mRNA platforms. Production of the initial viral starting material and release testing are key rate-limiting steps. Methods: Production of viral starting material from DNA, and release testing in accordance with regulatory expectations, for first-in-human trials of adenovirus-vectored vaccines. Results: We describe experience of these stages in the production of the first GMP batches for multiple adenovirus-vectored candidates and the adaptations made for ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (the Oxford COVID-19 vaccine) in early 2020. We also report development of a streamlined approach to starting material generation, enabling initial GMP batch availability within c. 60 days of publication of a new pathogen sequence. Using a New World arenavirus vaccine construct as a proof of concept, we demonstrate reproducible execution of this pipeline, maintaining acceptable infectivity and other quality attributes. Conclusions: We discuss opportunities for additional time savings in the future. This work demonstrates suitability of an adenovirus platform to contribute to the \u201c100 Days Mission\u201d for vaccines against \u201cDisease X\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14060509","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T01:23:21Z","timestamp":1780622601000},"page":"509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Critical Path to First-in-Human Batches of ChAdOx Vectors, Including for Emergency Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2777-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Polo","family":"Peralta Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawkat","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7143-7168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Magri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheelsea","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"},{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faith","family":"Vinluan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo N.","family":"Barbaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Sciences Institute (PSI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-1813-0557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan J.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Sciences Institute (PSI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Bolam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Berrie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Sciences Institute (PSI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK"},{"name":"CAMS-Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Tarrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6823-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pandemic Sciences Institute (PSI), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"},{"name":"CAMS-Oxford Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility (CBF), Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-7562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander D.","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.28553","article-title":"Accelerated and intensified manufacturing of an adenovirus-vectored vaccine to enable rapid outbreak response","volume":"121","author":"Joe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biotechnol. 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