{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T04:47:06Z","timestamp":1782276426089,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: China\u2019s influenza vaccine (InfV) has undergone multiple iterations and numerous technological breakthroughs, providing tremendous impetus and solid support for the development of China\u2019s health sector. As the number of vaccinated individuals continues to rise, the importance of ongoing surveillance and evaluation of vaccine safety has become increasingly prominent, forming part of efforts to maintain public trust in the national immunization program and ensure its sustainability. Methods: From 2016 to 2025, data on suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) related to InfV administration were extracted from the Chinese National Immunization Information System (CNIIS). Data on InfV vaccination doses were obtained from the Anhui Provincial Immunization Information Management System. A descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the distribution characteristics of AEFIs, and the chi-square test was applied to evaluate differences in reporting rates. Results: Between 2016 and 2025, a total of 4026 AEFI reports related to InfV were monitored through the CNIIS. The overall reporting rate was 34.40 per 100,000 doses. Specifically, common adverse reactions and rare adverse reactions accounted for 95.88% (3860 cases) and 3.38% (136 cases), with reporting rates of 32.98 per 100,000 doses and 1.16 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Among common adverse reactions, the reporting rates of fever (axillary temperature \u2265 38.6 \u00b0C), local redness and swelling at the injection site (diameter &gt; 5.0 cm), and local induration (diameter &gt; 5.0 cm) were 9.62 per 100,000 doses, 1.96 per 100,000 doses, and 1.20 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Among rare adverse reactions, the reporting rates of allergic rash, angioedema, anaphylactic shock, febrile convulsions, anaphylactoid purpura, thrombocytopenic purpura, epilepsy, Guillain\u2013Barr\u00e9 syndrome, and aseptic abscess were 0.98, 0.05, 0.03, 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, and 0.01 per 100,000 doses, respectively. No cases were reported for subunit inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV, Subunit). Statistically significant differences were observed in the reporting rates of allergic rash across different types of InfV (\u03c72 = 36.83, p &lt; 0.05), with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3, Split) and trivalent live attenuated influenza virus vaccine (LAIV3) showing the highest reporting rates. Most adverse events following vaccination occurred within 24 h after inoculation. Conclusions: From 2016 to 2025, the overall reporting rate of AEFIs after InfV administration in Anhui Province was within an acceptable range. Common adverse reactions were common, while rare adverse reactions were few, mainly consisting of allergic reactions. These results indicate that InfV has a favorable safety profile, and continuous strengthening of AEFI surveillance for InfV and improvement of surveillance quality are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14060548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:09:17Z","timestamp":1782270557000},"page":"548","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-Marketing Safety Surveillance of Influenza Vaccines in Anhui Province, China, 2016\u20132025"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fanya","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sicheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Wannan Medical University, Wuhu 241002, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binbing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianwei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiabing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, September 25). Influenza (Seasonal). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/influenza-(seasonal)."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2","article-title":"Estimates of global seasonal influenza-associated respiratory mortality: A modelling study","volume":"391","author":"Iuliano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2022, April 25). Global Influenza Strategy 2019\u20132030. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241515320."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab270","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza vaccination in preventing hospitalisation due to influenza in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"73","author":"Boddington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"91","article-title":"Incidence and influencing factors of influenza-like illness among college students in Jinan during the influenza peak period in November 2023","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Shandong Univ. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1244","article-title":"Effects of influenza vaccination in the United States during the 2018\u20132019 influenza season","volume":"71","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"2315","article-title":"Introduction and implications of WHO position paper: Vaccines against influenza, May 2022","volume":"102","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Natl. Med. J. China"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Influenza Vaccine Working Group of the National Immunization Program Technical Working Group (2022). Technical guidelines for influenza vaccine vaccination in China (2022\u20132023). Chin. J. Prev. Med., 56, 1356\u20131386."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"National Health Commission of China, and National Medical Products Administration of China (2025, February 25). Notice on the Issuance of the National Program for Monitoring Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI), Available online: https:\/\/www.nmpa.gov.cn\/xxgk\/fgwj\/qita\/20100603120001618.html."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"General Office of the National Health Commission of China, and General Department of the National Medical Products Administration of China (2020). National Monitoring Program for Suspected Adverse Events Following Immunization."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Ministry of Health of China (2008). Measures for the Identification of Adverse Events Following Immunization."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meng, F., Hu, W., Wang, B., Luo, X., Xu, H., Wan, J., Xue, W., Su, Y., Sun, Y., and Wu, J. (2025). Post-marketing safety surveillance of HPV vaccines in Anhui Province, China, 2017\u20132024. Vaccines, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13080846"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Anhui Provincial Bureau of Statistics (2025, March 07). Anhui Provincial Population Census Yearbook 2020, Available online: https:\/\/tjj.ah.gov.cn\/ssah\/qwfbjd\/tjnj\/ahrkpc2020ebook\/index.htm."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117967","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2022.2117967","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza vaccination on in-hospital death in older adults with respiratory diseases","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2023). Technical guidelines for influenza vaccination in China (2023\u20132024). Chin. J. Epidemiol., 44, 1507\u20131530."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"People\u2019s Government of Beijing Municipality (2024, October 31). Launch of Influenza Vaccination in Beijing, Available online: https:\/\/www.beijing.gov.cn\/fuwu\/bmfw\/sy\/jrts\/202409\/t20240913_3865950.html."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"226","article-title":"Estimated coverage of influenza vaccination in China during the 2014\u20132021 influenza seasons","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Viral Dis."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.03.003","article-title":"Influenza vaccination in the time of COVID-19: A national U.S. survey of adults","volume":"39","author":"Sturm","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"1045","article-title":"Current situation and related policies on the implementation and promotion of influenza vaccination in China","volume":"39","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chin. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"14","article-title":"Influenza vaccine hesitancy and factors influencing hesitancy expressed in posts to a Chinese social media app from March 2021 to March 2024","volume":"31","author":"Jia","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Vaccines Immun."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"180","article-title":"Analysis of the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Parents\u2019 Hesitation of Children under 6 Years Old Receiving Non-Immunization Program Vaccination for the First Time","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Women Child Health Guide"},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"76","article-title":"Two-dimensional analysis of influenza vaccination willingness and behavior among medical staff in tertiary general hospitals","volume":"25","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Chin. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"General Office of the National Health Commission of China (2020). Reference Catalogue and Explanation for the Scope of Compensation for Adverse Events Following Immunization."},{"key":"ref_24","first-page":"104","article-title":"Meta-analysis of reported incidence of adverse reactions to influenza vaccines in Chinese population","volume":"33","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pharm. Clin. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"317","article-title":"Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization in Changping District of Beijing, 2015\u20132016","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. J. Vaccines Immun."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"121","article-title":"Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Immunization in China, 2023","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Vaccines Immun."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/14\/6\/548\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T03:57:10Z","timestamp":1782273430000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/14\/6\/548"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines14060548"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines14060548","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]}}}