{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:08:06Z","timestamp":1785434886865,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00789fa95","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is emerging as a key driver of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer, especially in high-risk groups such as men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV (PLWH). However, evidence on oral HPV persistence and the impact of nine-valent HPV vaccination in adults remains limited. We conducted a prospective longitudinal study including 76 MSM PLWH, of whom 64 were nine-valent HPV-vaccinated and 12 unvaccinated. Methods: Oral rinse samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 6 months (T6). HPV DNA detection and genotyping were performed using the Allplex\u2122 HPV28 assay. Oral HPV dynamics (persistence, clearance, and incidence) were assessed for high-risk (HR) HPV, low-risk (LR) HPV, and vaccine-type HPV genotypes. Results: Baseline oral HPV prevalence was high (59.2%), with HR HPV detected in 43.4% of participants. HPV16 was the most frequent genotype at both T0 and T6. Among participants HPV-positive at baseline, persistence of HPV DNA was high and similar regardless of vaccination status (77.8%). However, incident vaccine-type oral HPV infection was significantly lower among vaccinated individuals than unvaccinated participants (6.3% vs. 33.3%; OR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.71; p = 0.0441). Finally, reporting \u226510 sexual partners in the previous year was significantly associated with baseline oral HPV positivity (p = 0.0298). Conclusions: In MSM PLWH, oral HPV infection is highly prevalent and persistent, underscoring that it may represent a reservoir for HPV-related oropharyngeal disease. In our small observational cohort, nine-valent HPV vaccination was associated with lower incident detection of vaccine-type oral HPV, supporting targeted vaccination and oral HPV surveillance in high-risk adult populations, while highlighting the need for larger longitudinal studies to confirm these findings and better define the magnitude and durability of vaccine-associated protection at the oral site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14070589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T12:41:38Z","timestamp":1782909698000},"page":"589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral HPV Dynamics in MSM Living with HIV in the Nine-Valent HPV Vaccination Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8996-4803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verdiana","family":"Zulian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2628-6880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina De","family":"Sanctis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7188-7132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Pauciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Sciamanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Del Porto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology and Biotechnology \u201cCharles Darwin\u201d, Sapienza University of Rome, 00100 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2687-8642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Rosa","family":"Garbuglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.30716","article-title":"Worldwide Burden of Cancer Attributable to HPV by Site, Country and HPV Type","volume":"141","author":"Plummer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. 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