{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T13:03:46Z","timestamp":1784552626756,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Rabies remains a lethal vaccine-preventable disease in India, and physicians managing animal-bite cases are central to effective post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). With the increasing use of rabies monoclonal antibodies (RmAbs) as alternatives to conventional rabies immunoglobulins, this study assessed physicians\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding rabies PEP, including RmAb awareness and acceptance. Methods: This multi-state, cross-sectional retrospective KAP survey was conducted among 208 physicians across ten Indian states using a structured, self-administered Google Form. The 33-item questionnaire assessed Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice domains, with 11 items each, scored binarily according to NCDC guidelines. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro\u2013Wilk normality testing, Kruskal\u2013Wallis tests with post hoc corrections, and Spearman rank-order correlations were performed. Results: Mean domain scores were 8.00\/11 for Knowledge (72.7%), 7.22\/11 for Attitude (65.6%), and 8.64\/11 for Practice (78.5%). Key gaps were identified in the intramuscular pre-exposure prophylaxis schedule, management of excess RIG\/RmAb after wound infiltration, exposure categorization of animal contact, and vaccine administration site in young children. The Knowledge\u2013Practice correlation was moderately strong and statistically significant (r = 0.520, p &lt; 0.001). Acceptance of RmAbs was high, with 88.5% recognizing them as effective replacements for RIGs and 84.6% considering them safer than RIGs. Practice scores showed the most consistent improvement, Knowledge scores improved on most items but declined sharply for the pre-exposure prophylaxis schedule, and Attitude scores showed a mixed pattern of gains and losses compared with the 2013 benchmark survey. Conclusions: Overall KAP scores were adequate, with Practice scoring highest. Targeted continuing medical education focused on NCDC guidelines and practical PEP scenarios is needed among physicians managing rabies exposures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14070635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1784548817000},"page":"635","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Multi-State, Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Including Rabies Monoclonal Antibody Among Physicians Across India"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ravish Haradanahalli","family":"Shankaraiah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore 560070, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navyashree","family":"N. S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore 560070, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Divya Bharathi","family":"G.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore 560070, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9643-9509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trayambak","family":"Dutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccines, Zydus Life Sciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biologics & Vaccines, Zydus Lifesciences Ltd., Ahmedabad 382481, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2025.101852","article-title":"The Pharmacokinetics and Safety Comparison of Zamerovimab and Mazorelvimab Monoclonal Antibodies vs. HRIG in Category III Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Stratified Analysis by Wound Characteristics","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biologicals"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.10.007","article-title":"Gangaboraiah Assessing the Burden of Human Rabies in India: Results of a National Multi-Center Epidemiological Survey","volume":"11","author":"Sudarshan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. 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