{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:51:05Z","timestamp":1785408665495,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo Semilla 2023, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur"},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04xr5we72","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Respiratory infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults. However, vaccination coverage against respiratory pathogens remains suboptimal, particularly in rural and vulnerable populations. This study aimed to identify factors associated with respiratory vaccination uptake among older adults living in rural Amazonian communities in Peru. Methods: We conducted an observational, analytical, cross-sectional study using secondary data from the Amazon Frail Project. A total of 429 adults aged \u226560 years from rural and suburban communities in San Mart\u00edn, Loreto, and Ucayali were included. Vaccination coverage for influenza, pneumococcal disease, pertussis, and COVID-19, as well as vaccine combinations, was assessed. Multiple linear and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to identify associated factors. Results: Complete vaccination coverage was 42.89% for influenza, 23.08% for pneumococcal disease, 4.43% for pertussis, and 70.16% for COVID-19. Only 3.50% of participants had received all four respiratory vaccines. Higher educational attainment, multimorbidity, social frailty, greater muscle mass, better physical performance, and healthcare center attendance were associated with higher vaccination uptake. Depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, functional dependency, physical frailty, dynapenia, and higher body mass index were associated with lower vaccination uptake. Conclusions: Respiratory vaccination coverage was suboptimal among older adults living in rural Amazonian communities. Educational, functional, physical, social, and healthcare access factors significantly influenced vaccine uptake, highlighting the need for targeted immunization strategies in vulnerable rural populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14070643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:48:28Z","timestamp":1784717308000},"page":"643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preventive Strategies and Determinants of Vaccination Compliance Among Older Adults in Rural Amazonian Communities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4390-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana T.","family":"Pasquel-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"},{"name":"Sociedad Cient\u00edfica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2286-8391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Luc\u00eda","family":"Ram\u00edrez-B\u00e9jar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"},{"name":"Sociedad Cient\u00edfica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaqu\u00edn Eduardo","family":"Ch\u00e1vez Cano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"},{"name":"Sociedad Cient\u00edfica de Estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiara","family":"Camacho-Caballero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"},{"name":"Internal Medicine, Naples Comprehensive Health (NCH) Healthcare System, Naples, FL 34102, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0336-0584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 F.","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n del Envejecimiento, Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Mart\u00edn de Porres, Lima 15024, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4045-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando M.","family":"Runzer-Colmenares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHANGE Research Working Group, Carrera de Medicina Humana, Universidad Cient\u00edfica del Sur, Lima 15842, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-024-00874-4","article-title":"Insights into vaccines for elderly individuals: From the impacts of immunosenescence to delivery strategies","volume":"9","author":"Hou","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Inmunizaci\u00f3n para influenza y neumococo en prevenci\u00f3n cardiovascular","volume":"74","author":"Stecher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2017.1417632","article-title":"Challenges in adult vaccination","volume":"50","author":"Doherty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. 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