{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:19:19Z","timestamp":1787980759409,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00c25dn03","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00400152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00400152"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"award":["RS-2024-00400152"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00400152"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033w59g46","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: In mandatory livestock vaccination programs, post-vaccination immunity depends on both vaccine characteristics and consistent on-farm implementation. We evaluated whether Hanwoo farm-gate prices were temporally associated with subsequent foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) structural protein (SP) antibody seropositivity, used as a population-level proxy for vaccination performance. Methods: We analyzed 75,408 individual SP antibody records from Hanwoo cattle on commercial farms (\u226550 head) sampled on-farm from April 2019 to December 2022 and linked monthly seropositivity to four price metrics. A separate 2022 cohort (n = 131,805) was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression. Cross-correlations assessed price-leading lags of 0\u201312 months; linear and exploratory hinge models evaluated association magnitude and a candidate breakpoint. Results: Overall SP seropositivity was 96.3%. Cattle from commercial farms had higher odds of antibody negativity than those from smaller farms (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05\u20131.26), whereas each additional recorded vaccination was associated with lower odds (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.88\u20130.90). Monthly price and the 3-month moving-average price showed their strongest associations with subsequent seropositivity at 7 and 6 months, respectively (r = 0.519 and 0.506; both p &lt; 0.001). Month-to-month price changes were not associated with seropositivity. An exploratory hinge model identified a candidate breakpoint near KRW 6.26 million per 600 kg live animal. Conclusions: Sustained farm-gate price conditions, rather than short-term volatility, were associated with subsequent FMD post-vaccination seropositivity. Livestock price data may provide a contextual signal for targeting communication and vaccination support activities; however, this ecological association does not demonstrate price-driven behavioral change at individual farms, and the candidate breakpoint requires prospective validation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14090743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:03:43Z","timestamp":1787832223000},"page":"743","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Farm-Gate Prices as an Economic Signal of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination Performance in Hanwoo Cattle: A Nationwide Time-Lag Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Dae Sung","family":"Yoo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9320-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoonyoung","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMD and Large Animal Health Control Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong 30110, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyun","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FMD and Large Animal Health Control Division, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Sejong 30110, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-167X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Seong","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5743-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yeonsu","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.07.013","article-title":"The economic impacts of foot and mouth disease\u2014What are they, how big are they and where do they occur?","volume":"112","author":"Rushton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev. 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