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The only licensed TB vaccine, Bacillus Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG), offers inconsistent and generally limited protection against adult pulmonary TB. As a result, the pursuit of more effective TB vaccines has intensified over the past two decades, prompting the evaluation of several immunodominant Mtb antigens as vaccines. Among these, antigen 85B (Ag85B) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its critical roles in mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis, host cell adhesion, and the induction of immune responses. Ag85B has been incorporated into diverse vaccine platforms, including subunit, recombinant, DNA, and mRNA-based vaccines. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies indicates that Ag85B-containing vaccine formulations elicit robust cellular immune responses, and in many instances, enhance protection against TB. Collectively, these findings position Ag85B as a central component in the development of next-generation TB vaccines. This review examines the biological properties and immunological significance of Ag85B and provides an overview of recent advances in Ag85B-based vaccine strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines14090811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:16:48Z","timestamp":1789460208000},"page":"811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antigen 85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: From Immunodominant Antigen to Vaccine Candidate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-2685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Oncology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaytri","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Oncology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Oncology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0030-5472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shrikanth S.","family":"Gadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Oncology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subhash C.","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Oncology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinnaswamy","family":"Jagannath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX 77030, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4390-3811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subramanian","family":"Dhandayuthapani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Immunology and Microbiology, Department of Medicine and Oncology and South Texas Center of Excellence in Cancer Research, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78541, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2023). 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