{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:00:27Z","timestamp":1778310027141,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":239,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009729","name":"Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009729","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ovacure Foundation","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although different types of therapeutic vaccines against established cancerous lesions in various indications have been developed since the 1990s, their clinical benefit is still very limited. This observed lack of effectiveness in cancer eradication may be partially due to the often deficient immunocompetent status of cancer patients, which may facilitate tumor development by different mechanisms, including immune evasion. The most frequently used cellular vehicle in clinical trials are dendritic cells (DCs), thanks to their crucial role in initiating and directing immune responses. Viable vaccination options using DCs are available, with a positive toxicity profile. For these reasons, despite their limited therapeutic outcomes, DC vaccination is currently considered an additional immunotherapeutic option that still needs to be further explored. In this review, we propose potential actions aimed at improving DC vaccine efficacy by counteracting the detrimental mechanisms recognized to date and implicated in establishing a poor immunocompetent status in cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines6040079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]],"date-time":"2018-11-23T12:20:28Z","timestamp":1542975628000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Does the Immunocompetent Status of Cancer Patients Have an Impact on Therapeutic DC Vaccination Strategies?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7491-1876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Martin Lluesma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Graciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0444-3357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl Lai-Lai","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lana E.","family":"Kandalaft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Experimental Therapeutics, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland"},{"name":"Vaccine development laboratory, Ludwig Center for Cancer Research, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-15-1399","article-title":"Dendritic Cell\u2013Based Immunotherapy: State of the Art and Beyond","volume":"22","author":"Bol","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. 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