{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T23:46:05Z","timestamp":1767829565495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Italian Center for Disease Control and Prevention","award":["CCM-4393 117-2006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CCM-4393 117-2006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effectiveness and impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) against invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) due to serotype 3 (ser3) has been questioned. However, the impact of PCV13 on different clinical presentations of ser3-IPD has not been studied so far. The impact of PCV13 on different clinical presentations of ser3-IPD in a population of Italian children aged 0\u20138 years was evaluated, comparing pre- and post-PCV13 introduction period. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the diagnosis and serotyping of IPD. During the observation period (1 January 2006\u20131 August 2018), ser3 was detected in 60\/284 (21.1%) children under 8 with serotyped IPD. The incidence of sepsis and meningitis was 0.24 per 1,000,000 person-years (p-y) in pre-PCV13 and 0.02 per 1,000,000 p-y in post-PCV13. No cases occurred in vaccinated children. In the post-PCV13 period, case reduction was 13% for all ser3 IPD and 92% for sepsis and meningitis. Vaccination impact may be underestimated due to significant improvement in pneumococcal surveillance in post-PCVC13. Our data suggest a significant impact of PCV13 on meningitis and sepsis due to ser3 and a lower impact against pneumonia. While waiting for increasingly effective anti-pneumococcal vaccines, PCV13, which guarantees protection against the most severe clinical presentations of ser3-IPD, is currently the most effective prevention option available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7040128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T03:51:18Z","timestamp":1569383478000},"page":"128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Severe Invasive Disease Caused by Serotype 3 Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Italian Children"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6902-544X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Lodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7140-1694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvia","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Nieddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Moriondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Lippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clementina","family":"Canessa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giusi","family":"Mangone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Cortimiglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Casini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5608-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ersilia","family":"Lucenteforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, via Savi 10, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3830-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Indolfi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Resti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Azzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence and Meyer Children\u2019s University Hospital, viale Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linley, E., Bell, A., Gritzfeld, J.F., and Borrow, R. 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