{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T21:44:07Z","timestamp":1769723047078,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reverse vaccinology or immunoinformatics is a computational methodology which integrates data from in silico epitope prediction, associated to other important information as, for example, the predicted subcellular location of the proteins used in the design of the context of vaccine development. This approach has the potential to search for new targets for vaccine development in the predicted proteome of pathogenic organisms. To date, there is no effective vaccine employed in vaccination campaigns against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). For the first time, herein, an in silico, in vitro, and in vivo peptide screening was performed, and immunogenic peptides were selected to constitute VL peptide-based vaccines. Firstly, the screening of in silico potential peptides using dogs naturally infected by L. infantum was conducted and the peptides with the best performance were selected. The mentioned peptides were used to compose Cockt-1 (cocktail 1) and Cockt-2 (cocktail 2) in combination with saponin as the adjuvant. Therefore, tests for immunogenicity, polyfunctional T-cells, and the ability to induce central and effector memory in T-lymphocytes capacity in reducing the parasite load on the spleen for Cockt-1 and Cockt-2 were performed. Among the vaccines under study, Cockt-1 showed the best results, eliciting CD4+ and CD8+ polyfunctional T-cells, with a reduction in spleen parasitism that correlates to the generation of T CD4+ central memory and T CD8+ effector memory cells. In this way, our findings corroborate the use of immunoinformatics as a tool for the development of future vaccines against VL.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7040162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]],"date-time":"2019-10-28T04:44:31Z","timestamp":1572237871000},"page":"162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Synthetic Peptides Elicit Strong Cellular Immunity in Visceral Leishmaniasis Natural Reservoir and Contribute to Long-Lasting Polyfunctional T-Cells in BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7591-5331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rory Cristiane Fortes","family":"De Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jamille Mirelle de Oliveira","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Levi Eduardo Soares","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Augusto Siqueira","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo Dian de Oliveira","family":"Aguiar-Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Multiusu\u00e1rio de Citometria de Fluxo, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9a","family":"Teixeira-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Biomarcadores de Diagn\u00f3stico e Monitora\u00e7\u00e3o, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno Mendes","family":"Roatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT), 40110-160 Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Exatas e Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Corr\u00eaa-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Imunologia Celular e Molecular, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeronimo Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Ruiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Inform\u00e1tica de Biossistemas e Gen\u00f4mica, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-3022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela de Melo","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo Inform\u00e1tica de Biossistemas e Gen\u00f4mica, Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Instituto Ren\u00e9 Rachou, Fiocruz Minas, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Biologia Computacional e Sistemas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Barbosa","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, N\u00facleo de Pesquisas em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas\/NUPEB, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"},{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia em Doen\u00e7as Tropicais (INCT-DT), 40110-160 Salvador, Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Escola de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-00 Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2018.1459191","article-title":"Vaccine candidates against leishmania under 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