{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:53:33Z","timestamp":1784289213093,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]],"date-time":"2020-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003762","name":"Institut Pasteur","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-16-CONV-0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pertussis vaccination policy varies across Europe, not only in the type of vaccine\u2014whole cell (wP) vs. acellular (aP1\/2\/3\/5)\u2014but also in the schedule and recommendation for parents. This study aims to investigate the determining factors for the type of vaccine, immunization schedule and maternal immunization recommendation. From March to May 2019, experts in national health agencies and major academic or research institutions from Denmark, France, Poland, Sweden and the UK were invited to a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis was performed on the transcripts using a codebook formulated by three coders. Inter-coder agreement was assessed. Fifteen expert interviews were conducted. The identified driving factors for pertussis vaccine policy were classified into three domains: scientific factors, sociological factors, and pragmatic factors. The determining factors for the type of vaccine were prescriber\u2019s preference, concern of adverse events following immunization (AEFI), effectiveness, and consideration of other vaccine components in combined vaccines. The determining factors for infant schedule were immunity response and the potential to improve coverage and timeliness. The determining factors for maternal immunization were infant mortality and public acceptability. To conclude, socio-political and pragmatic factors were, besides scientific factors, important in determining the pertussis vaccine type, schedule of childhood immunization and recommendations for parents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,27]],"date-time":"2020-01-27T07:41:11Z","timestamp":1580110871000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Determining Factors for Pertussis Vaccination Policy: A Study in Five EU Countries"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5421-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anabelle","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur\/INSERM\/University of Versailles Saint Quentin, UMR 1181 Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases, 25 rue du Dr Roux, CEDEX 15, F-75724 Paris, France"},{"name":"EHESP French School of Public Health, F-35000 Rennes, France"},{"name":"ScHARR, The University of Sheffield, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2523-0588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annick","family":"Opinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur\/INSERM\/University of Versailles Saint Quentin, UMR 1181 Biostatistics, Biomathematics, Pharmacoepidemiology and Infectious Diseases, 25 rue du Dr Roux, CEDEX 15, F-75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6594-8458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon Jean-Baptiste","family":"Combes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ Rennes, EHESP, CNRS, ARENES\u2014UMR 6051, F-35000 Rennes, France"},{"name":"French Collaborative Institute on Migration, 93322 Aubervilliers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Toubiana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 25 rue du Dr Roux, CEDEX 15, F-75724 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and OtherBordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, CEDEX 15, F-75724 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of General Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Necker-Enfants malades University Hospital, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, AP-HP, 135 rue de Sevres, 75015 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2516-2108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvain","family":"Brisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Pasteur, Unit Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, 25 rue du Dr Roux, CEDEX 15, F-75724 Paris, France"},{"name":"National Reference Center for Whooping Cough and OtherBordetella Infections, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Dr Roux, CEDEX 15, F-75724 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"National Health Service (2019, February 12). Whooping Cough. Available online: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/conditions\/whooping-cough\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20587","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.38.20587","article-title":"Pertussis immunisation and control in England and Wales, 1957 to 2012: A historical review","volume":"18","author":"Amirthalingam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2005.04.005","article-title":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Bordetella pertussis populations in various European countries with different vaccine policies","volume":"7","author":"Caro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02036-12","article-title":"Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of Bordetella pertussis isolates circulating in Europe from 1998 to 2009","volume":"51","author":"Advani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01998","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01998-17","article-title":"Surveillance of circulating Bordetella pertussis strains in Europe during 1998 to 2015","volume":"56","author":"Barkoff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014). SAGE Pertussis Working Group Background Paper, World Health Organization."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1137402","article-title":"The role of B. pertussis vaccine antigen gene variants in pertussis resurgence and possible consequences for vaccine development","volume":"12","author":"Preston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20152309","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2015.2309","article-title":"The pertussis enigma: Reconciling epidemiology, immunology and evolution","volume":"283","author":"Magpantay","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. B"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01074","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01074-14","article-title":"Global population structure and evolution of Bordetella pertussis and their relationship with vaccination","volume":"5","author":"Bart","year":"2014","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3257","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00864-07","article-title":"Bordetella pertussis strains circulating in Europe in 1994 to 2004 as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis","volume":"45","author":"Hallander","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines3030751","article-title":"New data on vaccine antigen deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates","volume":"3","author":"Bouchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu788","article-title":"Pertactin-Negative Bordetella pertussis Strains: Evidence for a possible selective advantage","volume":"60","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268813000071","article-title":"Pertussis resurgence: Waning immunity and pathogen adaptation\u2014Two sides of the same coin","volume":"142","author":"Mooi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1903.121475","article-title":"Virulence of pertactin-negative Bordetella pertussis isolates from infants, France","volume":"19","author":"Bodilis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.11.004","article-title":"The relationship between Bordetella pertussis genotype and clinical severity in Australian children with pertussis","volume":"72","author":"Clarke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"key":"ref_16","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2019, February 14). Vaccine Schedules in All Countries of the European Union. Available online: https:\/\/vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa.eu\/."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.05.01.00001-en","article-title":"Pertussis immunization in Europe\u2014The situation in late 1999","volume":"5","author":"Therre","year":"2000","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"40","article-title":"The Belgian expanded Programme on immunization (EPI) and hepatitis B vaccination","volume":"23","year":"2008","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.10.100","article-title":"Pertussis vaccination during pregnancy in Belgium: Results of a prospective controlled cohort study","volume":"34","author":"Maertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.055","article-title":"Maternal pertussis and influenza immunization coverage and attitude of health care workers towards these recommendations in Flanders, Belgium","volume":"34","author":"Maertens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Vaccination Info (2019, February 19). [Diseases and Vaccines: Whooping Cough]. (In French)."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"The Citizens Information Portal of the German-Speaking Community of Belgium (2019, February 19). [The Optimal Vaccination Schedule]. (In German)."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Flanders Care and Health (2019, February 19). [Basic Vaccination Schedule]. (In Dutch)."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heininger, U., Andr\u00e9, P., Chlibek, R., Kristufkova, Z., Kutsar, K., Manarov, A., M\u00e9szner, Z., Nitsch-Osuch, A., Petrovi\u0107, V., and Prymula, R. (2016). Comparative epidemiologic characteristics of pertussis in 10 Central and Eastern European countries, 2000\u20132013. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155949"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2017.05.012","article-title":"Seroepidemiology of whooping cough in the Czech Republic: Estimates of incidence of infection in adults","volume":"150","author":"Chlibek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"National Immunisation Committee of Czech Republic (2019, February 14). Recommendation for Pertussis Vaccination in Pregnancy for the Czech Republic. Available online: http:\/\/www.szu.cz\/uploads\/Epidemiologie\/Pertuse\/CR_Pertussis_Recommendation_for_pregnant_women.pdf."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30334","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.36.30334","article-title":"Epidemiology of pertussis in Denmark, 1995 to 2013","volume":"21","author":"Dalby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.08.008","article-title":"Decreased incidence of pertussis in young adults after the introduction of booster vaccine in military conscripts: Epidemiological analyzes of pertussis in Finland, 1995\u20132015","volume":"35","author":"Zoeldi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Guiso, N. (2013, January 12\u201314). The reality of pertussis vaccination. Proceedings of the 14th National Day of Infectious Diseases,  Clermont-Ferrand, France. (In French)."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Technical Committee of Vaccinations (Comit\u00e9 Technique des Vaccinations) (1999). The Vaccination against Whooping Cough. The Vaccination Guide, French Committee of Education for Health (CFES). [2nd ed.]. (In French)."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Technical Committee of Vaccinations (Comit\u00e9 Technique des Vaccinations) (2012). The Vaccination Guide, National Institute of Prevention and Health Education (INPES). (In French)."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"High Council of Public Health (HCSP) (2015). Vaccine Schedule and Vaccination Recommendations, National Institute of Prevention and Health Education (INPES). (In French)."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"National Institute of Prevention and Health Education (INPES) (2019, February 14). The Vaccination against Whooping Cough. (In French)."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-22","article-title":"The epidemiology of pertussis in Germany: Past and present","volume":"9","author":"Hellenbrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute (2000). Epidemiology Bulletin, Robert Koch Institute. (In German)."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute (2001). Epidemiology Bulletin, Robert Koch Institute. (In German)."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute (2006). Epidemiology Bulletin, Robert Koch Institute. (In German)."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Cocoran, B. (2019, February 19). National Immunisation Study Day. The National Immunisation Schedule Update and Current Issues. Dublin. 12 September 2014. Available online: https:\/\/www.hse.ie\/eng\/health\/immunisation\/hcpinfo\/conference\/conference120914.html."},{"key":"ref_39","unstructured":"Health Service Executive National Immunisation Office (2019, February 10). Immunisation Schedule. Available online: https:\/\/www.hse.ie\/eng\/health\/immunisation\/pubinfo\/pcischedule\/immschedule\/."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20921","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.40.20921","article-title":"Epidemiology of pertussis in Italy: Disease trends over the last century","volume":"19","author":"Gonfiantini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Euro Surveill."},{"key":"ref_41","unstructured":"The Italian Vaccine Coverage Survey Working Group (1994). Childhood vaccination coverage in Italy: Results of a seven-region survey. Bull. World Health Organ., 72, 885\u2013895."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"145","article-title":"Vaccine coverage in Italy and assessment of the 2012\u20132014 National Immunization Prevention Plan","volume":"39","author":"Bonanni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Prev."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2019, February 10). The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Adverse Events in the Netherlands Vaccination Programme. Available online: https:\/\/www.rivm.nl\/bibliotheek\/rapporten\/205051004.pdf."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.11.065","article-title":"Short-lived immunity against pertussis, age-specific routes of transmission, and the utility of a teenage booster vaccine","volume":"30","author":"Lavine","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bednarek, A., Bodajko-Grochowska, A., Hasiec, B., Klepacz, R., Szczekala, K., Zarzycka, D., and Emeryk, A. (2018). In search of factors negatively affecting vaccine immunity to pertussis in preschool children before the administration of the first booster. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 15.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints201806.0129.v1"},{"key":"ref_46","unstructured":"National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene (NIPH-NIH) (2019, February 14). Immunization Schedule, Available online: http:\/\/szczepienia.pzh.gov.pl\/en\/immunization-schedule\/."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.01.070","article-title":"Effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccine and evolution of pertussis incidence in the community of Madrid from 1998 to 2015","volume":"36","author":"Latasa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Working Group of Whooping Cough, Ministry of Health, Social Service and Equality (2012). Review of the Program of Vaccination against Whooping Cough in Spain, Ministry of Health, Social Service and Equality. (In Spanish)."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.88","article-title":"Efficiacy and effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccines: A 20-year Swedish experience","volume":"8","author":"Hallander","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Aronsson, B., K\u00e4llberg, H., Bystr\u00f6m, E., and Drakes-J\u00e4mtberg, K. (2019, February 14). Pertussis surveillance in Sweden: Progress report October1997\u2013December 2018 with an executive summary. The Public Health Agency of Sweden. Available online: https:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.08.034","article-title":"Experience with monocomponent acellular pertussis combination vaccines for infants, children, adolescents and adults\u2014A review of safety, immunogenicity, efficacy and effectiveness studies and 15 years of field experience","volume":"31","author":"Dalby","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"(2019, May 27). Comparative Efficacy\/Effectiveness of Schedules in Infant Immunization Against Pertussis, Diphtheria and Tetanus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/meetings\/2015\/april\/6_Report_wP_140813.pdf?ua=1."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"211","article-title":"Measuring protection; a case study of pertussis vaccines\u2014Swedish Trial II: Secondary non-randomized comparisons between two schedules of infant vaccination","volume":"95","author":"Olin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00112-0","article-title":"Effect of schedule on reactogenicity and antibody persistence of acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines: Value of laboratory tests as predictors of clinical performance","volume":"15","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2929.2006.02418.x","article-title":"The qualitative research interview","volume":"40","author":"Crabtree","year":"2006","journal-title":"Med. Educ."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Given, L.M. (2008). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, SAGE.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412963909"},{"key":"ref_57","unstructured":"Boyce, C., and Neale, P. (2006). Conducting in-Depth Interview: A Guide for Designing and Conducting in-Depth Interviews for Evaluation Input, Pathfinder International."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"21","article-title":"The coding process and its challenges","volume":"9","author":"Holton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Grounded Theory Rev."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124113500475","article-title":"Coding in-depth semistructured interviews: Problems of unitization and intercoder reliability and agreement","volume":"42","author":"Campbell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sociol. Methods Res."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Krippendorff, K. (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology, SAGE. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2019, May 27). Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals: Pertussis. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/immunization\/diseases\/pertussis\/en\/."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2016.01.005","article-title":"Influenza vaccination policy-making process in France and the Netherlands: Framework and determinants","volume":"120","author":"Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Public Health England (2019, July 07). Laboratory Confirmed Cases of Pertussis (England): January to March 2019, Available online: https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/government\/uploads\/system\/uploads\/attachment_data\/file\/813292\/hpr2219_prtsss.pdf."},{"key":"ref_65","unstructured":"High Authority of Health (HAS) (2019, August 15). The Vaccination against Whooping Cough for Pregnant Women in the Context of Epidemic in Mayotte. (In French)."},{"key":"ref_66","unstructured":"High Authority of Health (HAS) (2019, August 15). The Vaccination against Whooping Cough for Pregnant Women. (In French)."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1163\/156916294X00016","article-title":"Ten standard objections to qualitative research interviews","volume":"25","author":"Kvale","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Phenomenol. Psychol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/7.4.379","article-title":"Ensuring rigour in qualitative research","volume":"7","author":"Seale","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref_69","unstructured":"(2019, February 20). Qualitative Interview: When Enough Is Enough. Available online: http:\/\/www.raptureconsulting.com\/uploads\/2\/4\/3\/8\/24380515\/how_many_qualitative_interviews.pdf."},{"key":"ref_70","unstructured":"Geyer, R., and Rihani, S. (2010). Complexity and Public Policy: A New Approach to 21st Century Politics, Policy, and Society, Routledge. [1st ed.]."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/8\/1\/46\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T13:30:29Z","timestamp":1760362229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/8\/1\/46"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines8010046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines8010046","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2019.12.11.19014449","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,26]]}}}