{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T07:33:22Z","timestamp":1767598402197,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]],"date-time":"2020-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1584921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017FH00-033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FH00-033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31960702","31522057","31872451"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31960702","31522057","31872451"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2662015PY227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662015PY227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), remains a serious threat to public health in most countries. Development of a single-dose and efficacious rabies vaccine is the most important method to restrict rabies virus transmission. Costimulatory factor OX40-ligand (OX40L) plays a crucial role in the T cell-dependent humoral immune responses through T-B cell interaction. In this work, a recombinant RABV overexpressing mouse OX40L (LBNSE-OX40L) was constructed, and its effects on immunogenicity were evaluated in a mouse model. LBNSE-OX40L-immunized mice generated a larger number of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) than the parent virus LBNSE-immunized mice. Furthermore, LBNSE-OX40L induced significantly higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) as early as seven days post immunization (dpi), which lasted for eight weeks, resulting in better protection for mice than LBNSE (a live-attenuated rabies vaccine strain). Taken together, our data in this study suggest that OX40L can be a novel and potential adjuvant to improve the induction of protective antibody responses post RABV immunization by triggering T cell-dependent humoral immune responses, and that LBNSE-OX40L can be developed as an efficacious and nonpathogenic vaccine for animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,24]],"date-time":"2020-03-24T07:16:08Z","timestamp":1585034168000},"page":"144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7732-9099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0569-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baokui","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaochen","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yachun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2014.10.025","article-title":"Pre- and post-exposure safety and efficacy of attenuated rabies virus vaccines are enhanced by their expression of IFNgamma","volume":"474","author":"Barkhouse","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazeri, S., Gibson, A.D., Meunier, N., Bronsvoort, B.M.D., and Gamble, L. 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