{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T23:24:39Z","timestamp":1772148279736,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1596499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2018\/05181-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2018\/05181-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A \u03b3\u03b4 T cell acquires functional properties in response to the gamma delta T cell receptor \u03b3\u03b4TCR signal strength during its development in the thymus. The elucidation of the potential ligands of \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptors are of extreme importance; however, they are still not understood. Here we revise the actual state of the art of candidates to exert the function of \u03b3\u03b4TCR ligands, and propose a theoretical contribution about new potential ligands of \u03b3\u03b4TCRs, based on biological and hypothetical pieces of evidence in the literature. In conclusion, we hypothetically suggest a possible role of induced antibodies according to the individual\u2019s immune status, mainly of the IgG subclass, acting as \u03b3\u03b4TCR ligands. Considering that IgG production is involved in some essential immunotherapy protocols, and almost all vaccination protocols, our discussion opens a new and broad field to further exploration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030436","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]],"date-time":"2020-08-04T10:45:17Z","timestamp":1596537917000},"page":"436","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Natural Self-Ligand Gamma Delta T Cell Receptors (\u03b3\u03b4TCRs) Insight: The Potential of Induced IgG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Thamires Rodrigues","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6092-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson Russo","family":"Victor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Clinical Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Division of Environmental Health, FMU, Laureate International Universities, Sao Paulo 04505-002, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.101","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells in homeostasis and host defence of epithelial barrier tissues","volume":"17","author":"Nielsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.08.006","article-title":"Gammadelta T cells and the lymphoid stress-surveillance response","volume":"31","author":"Hayday","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2781","article-title":"Gammadelta T cell effector functions: A blend of innate programming and acquired plasticity","volume":"10","author":"Bonneville","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1030","article-title":"Immunoregulation in the tissues by gammadelta T cells","volume":"3","author":"Hayday","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120216","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells: First line of defense and beyond","volume":"32","author":"Chien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1038\/343754a0","article-title":"Homing of a gamma delta thymocyte subset with homogeneous T-cell receptors to mucosal epithelia","volume":"343","author":"Itohara","year":"1990","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6091","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100427","article-title":"Cutting edge: Identification of a motile IL-17-producing gammadelta T cell population in the dermis","volume":"186","author":"Gray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2006.06.001","article-title":"Epithelial and mucosal gamma delta T cells","volume":"18","author":"Komori","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830210429","article-title":"A major fraction of human intraepithelial lymphocytes simultaneously expresses the gamma\/delta T cell receptor, the CD8 accessory molecule and preferentially uses the V delta 1 gene segment","volume":"21","author":"Deusch","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"G455","article-title":"Current concepts in mucosal immunity. III. Ontogeny and function of gamma delta T cells in the intestine","volume":"274","author":"Kagnoff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.12.5851","article-title":"The generation of human gammadelta T cell repertoires during fetal development","volume":"160","author":"McVay","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4291\/wjgp.v5.i2.107","article-title":"Role of gamma-delta T cells in liver inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Hammerich","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Pathophysiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9564","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00927-08","article-title":"GammadeltaT cells initiate acute inflammation and injury in adenovirus-infected liver via cytokine-chemokine cross talk","volume":"82","author":"Ajuebor","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1717","article-title":"CD27 is a thymic determinant of the balance between interferon-gamma- and interleukin 17-producing gammadelta T cell subsets","volume":"10","author":"Ribot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.04.022","article-title":"Thymic selection determines gammadelta T cell effector fate: Antigen-naive cells make interleukin-17 and antigen-experienced cells make interferon gamma","volume":"29","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1200439","article-title":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in humans with inborn errors of interleukin-17 immunity","volume":"332","author":"Puel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130877","article-title":"Oral-resident natural Th17 cells and \u03b3\u03b4 T cells control opportunistic Candida albicans infections","volume":"211","author":"Conti","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI40891","article-title":"IL-17 is essential for host defense against cutaneous Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice","volume":"120","author":"Cho","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20101824","article-title":"Cutaneous immunosurveillance by self-renewing dermal gammadelta T cells","volume":"208","author":"Sumaria","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.11.006","article-title":"Innately versatile: \u03b3\u03b417 T cells in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases","volume":"87","author":"Papotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3726","article-title":"IL-17","volume":"18","author":"Papotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3006","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20181439","article-title":"Genetic models reveal origin, persistence and non-redundant functions of IL-17-producing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"215","author":"Sandrock","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-018-1926-x","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T Cells Contribute to the Outcome of Murine Fulminant Viral Hepatitis via Effector Cytokines TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3","volume":"38","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Med Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903767","article-title":"Naturally activated V gamma 4 gamma delta T cells play a protective role in tumor immunity through expression of eomesodermin","volume":"185","author":"He","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1101389","article-title":"Regulatory role of V\u03b31 \u03b3\u03b4 T cells in tumor immunity through IL-4 production","volume":"187","author":"Hao","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07923.x","article-title":"Regulated expression and structure of T cell receptor gamma\/delta transcripts in human thymic ontogeny","volume":"10","author":"McVay","year":"1991","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2873","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.157.7.2873","article-title":"Extrathymic origin of human gamma delta T cells during fetal development","volume":"157","author":"McVay","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.173.6.1311","article-title":"Selection by two powerful antigens may account for the presence of the major population of human peripheral gamma\/delta T cells","volume":"173","author":"Casorati","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.2001.01250.x","article-title":"The TCR-delta repertoire in normal human skin is restricted and distinct from the TCR-delta repertoire in the peripheral blood","volume":"116","author":"Holtmeier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.05.007","article-title":"Human liver infiltrating \u03b3\u03b4 T cells are composed of clonally expanded circulating and tissue-resident populations","volume":"69","author":"Hunter","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6195","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.11.6195","article-title":"Human V gamma 2V delta 2 T cells produce IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha with an on\/off\/on cycling pattern in response to live bacterial products","volume":"167","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.12289","article-title":"The role of gamma delta T cells in haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"81","author":"Minculescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2015.04.008","article-title":"Human gamma delta T cells: Evolution and ligand recognition","volume":"296","author":"Adams","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5290","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.8.5290","article-title":"CXCR5 identifies a subset of Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cells which secrete IL-4 and IL-10 and help B cells for antibody production","volume":"177","author":"Caccamo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3424","article-title":"TCR signal strength controls thymic differentiation of discrete proinflammatory \u03b3\u03b4 T cell subsets","volume":"17","author":"Ribot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718328115","article-title":"Role of a selecting ligand in shaping the murine \u03b3\u03b4-TCR repertoire","volume":"115","author":"Fahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1989.054.01.005","article-title":"Diversity, development, ligands, and probable functions of gamma delta T cells","volume":"54","author":"Tonegawa","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-5943-2_7","article-title":"Diversity, development, ligands, and probable functions of gamma delta T cells","volume":"292","author":"Tonegawa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0304-y","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 TCR ligands: The quest to solve a 500-million-year-old mystery","volume":"20","author":"Willcox","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1038\/329506a0","article-title":"Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2","volume":"329","author":"Bjorkman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.176.6.1757","article-title":"Peptide-induced conformational changes in class I heavy chains alter major histocompatibility complex recognition","volume":"176","author":"Bluestone","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/355224a0","article-title":"Mapping T-cell receptor-peptide contacts by variant peptide immunization of single-chain transgenics","volume":"355","author":"Jorgensen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/353622a0","article-title":"Sequence analysis of peptides bound to MHC class II molecules","volume":"353","author":"Rudensky","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.6.1799","article-title":"Self-peptide released from class II HLA-DR1 exhibits a hydrophobic two-residue contact motif","volume":"175","author":"Kropshofer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(89)90135-9","article-title":"Stimulation of a major subset of lymphocytes expressing T cell receptor gamma delta by an antigen derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"57","author":"Happ","year":"1989","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.4.983","article-title":"A murine CD4-, CD8- T cell receptor-gamma delta T lymphocyte clone specific for herpes simplex virus glycoprotein I","volume":"148","author":"Johnson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.169.5.1847","article-title":"Human TCR-gamma+\/delta+, CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize tetanus toxoid in an MHC-restricted fashion","volume":"169","author":"Kozbor","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.14.1.511","article-title":"Recognition by gamma\/delta T cells","volume":"14","author":"Chien","year":"1996","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90170-8","article-title":"The nature of major histocompatibility complex recognition by gamma delta T cells","volume":"76","author":"Schild","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3051","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.7.3051","article-title":"Gamma delta T cells can recognize nonclassical MHC in the absence of conventional antigenic peptides","volume":"153","author":"Weintraub","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5392","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.11.5392","article-title":"Unique antigen recognition by a herpesvirus-specific TCR-gamma delta cell","volume":"152","author":"Sciammas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2011.09.005","article-title":"T cell receptor signalling in \u03b3\u03b4 cell development: Strength isn\u2019t everything","volume":"32","author":"Turchinovich","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","first-page":"ra47","article-title":"PreTCR and TCR\u03b3\u03b4 signal initiation in thymocyte progenitors does not require domains implicated in receptor oligomerization","volume":"4","author":"Neves","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5451.314","article-title":"A population of murine gammadelta T cells that recognize an inducible MHC class Ib molecule","volume":"287","author":"Crowley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.001","article-title":"Crystal structure of V\u03b41 T cell receptor in complex with CD1d-sulfatide shows MHC-like recognition of a self-lipid by human \u03b3\u03b4 T cells","volume":"39","author":"Luoma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2713","article-title":"CD1d-lipid antigen recognition by the \u03b3\u03b4 TCR","volume":"14","author":"Uldrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2394","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus and tumor stress surveillance by binding of a human \u03b3\u03b4 T cell antigen receptor to endothelial protein C receptor","volume":"13","author":"Willcox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015433108","article-title":"Crystal structure of a gammadelta T-cell receptor specific for the human MHC class I homolog MICA","volume":"108","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collins, C., Lui, Y., Santos, A.M., Ballif, B.A., Gogerly-Moragoda, A.M., Brouwer, H., Ross, R., Balagurunathan, K., Sharma, S., and Wright, G.J. (2019). Detection of Cell Surface Ligands for Human Synovial \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells. J. Immunol.","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900451"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0253-5","article-title":"The \u03b3\u03b4TCR combines innate immunity with adaptive immunity by utilizing spatially distinct regions for agonist selection and antigen responsiveness","volume":"19","author":"Melandri","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-014-0090-5","article-title":"Adjuvant-dependent regulation of interleukin-17 expressing \u03b3\u03b4 T cells and inhibition of Th2 responses in allergic airways disease","volume":"15","author":"Nakada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"688","article-title":"Sensing of Pyrophosphate Metabolites by V\u03b39V\u03b42 T Cells","volume":"5","author":"Gu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/375155a0","article-title":"Natural and synthetic non-peptide antigens recognized by human gamma delta T cells","volume":"375","author":"Tanaka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1300658","article-title":"Butyrophilin 3A1 plays an essential role in prenyl pyrophosphate stimulation of human V\u03b32V\u03b42 T cells","volume":"191","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.11.012","article-title":"Tumor recognition following Vgamma9Vdelta2 T cell receptor interactions with a surface F1-ATPase-related structure and apolipoprotein A-I","volume":"22","author":"Scotet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.06.011","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells recognize a microbial encoded B cell antigen to initiate a rapid antigen-specific interleukin-17 response","volume":"37","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3163","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1621052114","article-title":"Sensing of cell stress by human \u03b3\u03b4 TCR-dependent recognition of annexin A2","volume":"114","author":"Marlin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-05-430470","article-title":"Key implication of CD277\/butyrophilin-3 (BTN3A) in cellular stress sensing by a major human \u03b3\u03b4 T-cell subset","volume":"120","author":"Harly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01601","article-title":"New Insights into the Regulation of \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells by BTN3A and Other BTN\/BTNL in Tumor Immunity","volume":"9","author":"Blazquez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1106885","article-title":"Structure of a gammadelta T cell receptor in complex with the nonclassical MHC T22","volume":"308","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2006.00470.x","article-title":"Antigen recognition by gammadelta T cells","volume":"215","author":"Chien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242531","article-title":"The majority of CD1d-sulfatide-specific T cells in human blood use a semiinvariant V\u03b41 TCR","volume":"42","author":"Bai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1502202","article-title":"Molecular Analysis of Lipid-Reactive V\u03b41 \u03b3\u03b4 T Cells Identified by CD1c Tetramers","volume":"196","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e03609","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.03609","article-title":"Gamma delta T cells recognize haptens and mount a hapten-specific response","volume":"3","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200534","article-title":"Primary responses of human T cells to mycobacteria: A frequent set of gamma\/delta T cells are stimulated by protease-resistant ligands","volume":"20","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8175","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.17.8175","article-title":"Nonpeptide ligands for human gamma delta T cells","volume":"91","author":"Tanaka","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5357.1737","article-title":"Recognition of stress-induced MHC molecules by intestinal epithelial gammadelta T cells","volume":"279","author":"Groh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6879","article-title":"Broad tumor-associated expression and recognition by tumor-derived gamma delta T cells of MICA and MICB","volume":"96","author":"Groh","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1236","article-title":"T cell antigen receptor engagement and specificity in the recognition of stress-inducible MHC class I-related chains by human epithelial gamma delta T cells","volume":"169","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-196287","article-title":"The NKG2D ligand ULBP4 binds to TCRgamma9\/delta2 and induces cytotoxicity to tumor cells through both TCRgammadelta and NKG2D","volume":"114","author":"Kong","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.4.1614","article-title":"Gamma delta T cell recognition of tumor Ig peptide","volume":"154","author":"Kim","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2009.12.008","article-title":"Gamma delta T cell receptors confer autonomous responsiveness to the insulin-peptide B:9-23","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20986","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.356709","article-title":"Target specificity of an autoreactive pathogenic human \u03b3\u03b4-T cell receptor in myositis","volume":"287","author":"Bruder","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20157","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M909512199","article-title":"Identification of a novel, dendritic cell-associated molecule, dectin-1, by subtractive cDNA cloning","volume":"275","author":"Ariizumi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.020","article-title":"Interleukin-17-producing gammadelta T cells selectively expand in response to pathogen products and environmental signals","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.04.042","article-title":"Interleukin 17-producing \u03b3\u03b4T cells promote hepatic regeneration in mice","volume":"147","author":"Rao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838741","article-title":"In vivo application of mAb directed against the gammadelta TCR does not deplete but generates \u201cinvisible\u201d gammadelta T cells","volume":"39","author":"Koenecke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.8.16.8950","article-title":"Adoptive immunotherapy of lung cancer with immobilized anti-TCRgammadelta antibody-expanded human gammadelta T-cells in peripheral blood","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2011.16","article-title":"Anti-\u03b3\u03b4 TCR antibody-expanded \u03b3\u03b4 T cells: A better choice for the adoptive immunotherapy of lymphoid malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1244592","article-title":"Allergen-specific IgG as a mediator of allergy inhibition: Lessons from mother to child","volume":"13","author":"Victor","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1984.tb00484.x","article-title":"Idiotypic networks and other preconceived ideas","volume":"79","author":"Jerne","year":"1984","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13393","article-title":"Maternal IgG impairs the maturation of offspring intrathymic IL-17-producing \u03b3\u03b4T cells: Implications for murine and human allergies","volume":"49","author":"Inoue","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-019-00545-6","article-title":"IgG from Non-atopic Individuals Induces In Vitro IFN-\u03b3 and IL-10 Production by Human Intra-thymic \u03b3\u03b4T Cells: A Comparison with Atopic IgG and IVIg","volume":"67","author":"Santos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. (Warsz)"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13907","article-title":"IgG from atopic dermatitis patients induces IL-17 and IL-10 production in infant intrathymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells","volume":"57","author":"Sgnotto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-017-0195-8","article-title":"Preconception allergen sensitization can induce B10 cells in offspring: A potential main role for maternal IgG","volume":"13","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2017.1299299","article-title":"Low doses of IgG from atopic individuals can modulate in vitro IFN-\u03b3 production by human intra-thymic TCD4 and TCD8 cells: An IVIg comparative approach","volume":"13","author":"Sgnotto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Vaccines Immunother."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santos, L.S., Sgnotto, F.D.R., Sousa, T.R., Orfali, R.L., Aoki, V., Duarte, A.J.D.S., and Victor, J.R. (2019). IgG from atopic dermatitis patients induces non-atopic infant thymic invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells to produce IL-4, IL-17, and IL-10. Int. J. Dermatol.","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14688"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2005.08.006","article-title":"Long-term anergy in orally tolerized mice is linked to decreased B7.2 expression on B cells","volume":"211","author":"Futata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-05487-9","article-title":"\u03b3\u03b4 T cells control humoral immune response by inducing T follicular helper cell differentiation","volume":"9","author":"Rezende","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"487","article-title":"Cellular sites of immunoglobulins. I. Distribution of light polypeptide chains in human lymphoid tissue","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"1970","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"85","article-title":"Cellular sites of immunoglobulins. 3. Localization of IgG-, IgA-, IgM- and their kappa and lambda light chain-containing cells in human palatine tonsils","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"67","article-title":"Cellular sites of immunoglobulins. II. The relative proportions of mucosal cells containing IgG, IgA, and IgM, and light polypeptide chains of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin in human appendices","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"1971","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_103","first-page":"69","article-title":"Cellular sites of immunoglobulins. VI. Localization of immunoglobulins in the human thymus","volume":"25","author":"Chen","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Pathol. Jpn."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Victor, J.R. (2020). Do different IgG repertoires play a role in B- and T-cell functional modulation during ontogeny? The \u201chooks without bait\u201d theory. Immunol. Cell Biol.","DOI":"10.1111\/imcb.12335"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belkadi, A., Dietrich, C., Machavoine, F., Victor, J.R., and Leite-de-Moraes, M. (2018). \u03b3\u03b4 T cells amplify Blomia tropicalis-induced allergic airway disease. Allergy.","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13618"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3956","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-22061-x","article-title":"Next generation sequencing reveals changes of the \u03b3\u03b4 T cell receptor repertoires in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3378","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201040727","article-title":"Constant TCR triggering suggests that the TCR expressed on intestinal intraepithelial \u03b3\u03b4 T cells is functional in vivo","volume":"40","author":"Malinarich","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2178","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.019","article-title":"Alterations in Intestinal Microbiota Lead to Production of Interleukin 17 by Intrahepatic \u03b3\u03b4 T-Cell Receptor-Positive Cells and Pathogenesis of Cholestatic Liver Disease","volume":"154","author":"Tedesco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7348","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0900465","article-title":"Cutting edge: Gammadelta intraepithelial lymphocytes of the small intestine are not biased toward thymic antigens","volume":"182","author":"Jensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00448","article-title":"Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis of the Human TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ T-Cell Repertoire Reveals Shifts in V\u03b3- and V\u03b4-Usage in Memory Populations upon Aging","volume":"9","author":"Kallemeijn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002182","article-title":"IgG from HIV-1-Exposed Seronegative and HIV-1-Infected Subjects Differently Modulates IFN-\u03b3 Production by Thymic T and B Cells","volume":"82","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/8\/3\/436\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T09:54:16Z","timestamp":1760176456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/8\/3\/436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]},"references-count":111,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines8030436"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines8030436","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,4]]}}}