{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:52:56Z","timestamp":1790110376722,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":244,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16\/20045-7, 18\/24683-3, 19\/18205-4, 15\/02352-7, and 16\/23560-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/20045-7, 18\/24683-3, 19\/18205-4, 15\/02352-7, and 16\/23560-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article aims to review the present status of anti-flavivirus subunit vaccines, both those at the experimental stage and those already available for clinical use. Aspects regarding development of vaccines to Yellow Fever virus, (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are highlighted, with particular emphasis on purified recombinant proteins generated in bacterial cells. Currently licensed anti-flavivirus vaccines are based on inactivated, attenuated, or virus-vector vaccines. However, technological advances in the generation of recombinant antigens with preserved structural and immunological determinants reveal new possibilities for the development of recombinant protein-based vaccine formulations for clinical testing. Furthermore, novel proposals for multi-epitope vaccines and the discovery of new adjuvants and delivery systems that enhance and\/or modulate immune responses can pave the way for the development of successful subunit vaccines. Nonetheless, advances in this field require high investments that will probably not raise interest from private pharmaceutical companies and, therefore, will require support by international philanthropic organizations and governments of the countries more severely stricken by these viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8030492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]],"date-time":"2020-08-31T08:11:19Z","timestamp":1598861479000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Anti-Flavivirus Vaccines: Review of the Present Situation and Perspectives of Subunit Vaccines Produced in Escherichia coli"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9055-2105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergio C.","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennon R.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rubens P. S.","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Andreata-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4731-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex I.","family":"Kanno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4883-1693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis Carlos S.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05508-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0980-8116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviane M.","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo\u2013SP 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2020, July 21). 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