{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T03:19:11Z","timestamp":1760239151500,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017YFD0501201"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFD0501201"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31772729"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31772729"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017CFA020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017CFA020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human babesiosis caused by Babesia microti is an emerging threat for severe illness and even death, with an increasing impact worldwide. Currently, the regimen of atovaquone and azithromycin is considered as the standard therapy for treating human babesiosis, which, however, may result in drug resistance and relapse, suggesting the necessity of developing new drugs to control B. microti. In this regard, natural products are promising candidates for drug design against B. microti due to their active therapeutic efficacy, lower toxicity, and fewer adverse reactions to host. Here, the potential inhibitors against B. microti were preliminarily screened from 133 natural products, and 47 of them were selected for further screening. Gossypol (Gp) and xanthohumol (Xn) were finally shown to effectively inhibit the growth of B. microti with IC50 values of 8.47 \u03bcm and 21.40 \u03bcm, respectively. The cytotoxicity results showed that Gp and Xn were non-toxic to erythrocytes at a concentration below 100 \u03bcm. Furthermore, both of them were confirmed to be non-toxic to different types of cells in previous studies. Our findings suggest the potential of Gp and Xn as effective drugs against B. microti infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]],"date-time":"2020-10-16T08:56:48Z","timestamp":1602838608000},"page":"613","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Xanthohumol and Gossypol Are Promising Inhibitors against Babesia microti by In Vitro Culture via High-Throughput Screening of 133 Natural Products"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoying","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350000, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junlong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemical Disease and Infectious Zoonoses, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2019.06.002","article-title":"Babesiosis vaccines: Lessons learned, challenges ahead, and future glimpses","volume":"35","author":"Rathinasamy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2018.11.007","article-title":"Human Babesiosis","volume":"49","author":"Krause","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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