{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:51:37Z","timestamp":1790506297885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011851","name":"Kom op tegen Kanker","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intratumoral (IT) myeloid dendritic cells (myDCs) play a pivotal role in re-licensing antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes. IT injection of the IgG1 monoclonal antibodies ipilimumab and avelumab may induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, thereby enhancing the release of tumor antigens that can be captured and processed by CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myDCs. Patients with advanced solid tumors after standard care were eligible for IT injections of \u22651 lesion with ipilimumab (10 mg) and avelumab (40 mg) and intravenous (IV) nivolumab (10 mg) on day 1, followed by IT injection of autologous CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myDCs on day 2. IT\/IV administration of ipilimumab, avelumab, and nivolumab was repeated bi-weekly. Primary objectives were safety and feasibility. Nine patients were treated with a median of 21 \u00d7 106 CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myDCs, and a median of 4 IT\/IV administrations of ipilimumab, avelumab, and nivolumab. The treatment was safe with mainly injection-site reactions, but also immune-related pneumonitis (n = 2), colitis (n = 1), and bullous pemphigoid (n = 1). The best response was a durable partial response in a patient with stage IV melanoma who previously progressed on checkpoint inhibitors. Our combinatorial therapeutic approach, including IT injection of CD1c (BDCA-1)+ myDCs, is feasible and safe, and it resulted in encouraging signs of antitumor activity in patients with advanced solid tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040670","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]],"date-time":"2020-11-10T10:47:28Z","timestamp":1605005248000},"page":"670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Intratumoral Combinatorial Administration of CD1c (BDCA-1)+ Myeloid Dendritic Cells Plus Ipilimumab and Avelumab in Combination with Intravenous Low-Dose Nivolumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase IB Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8990-5380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia Katharina","family":"Schwarze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9535-0430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gil","family":"Awada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Cras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomopathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Tijtgat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramses","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomopathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u00e8s","family":"Dufait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1255-8071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Tuyaerts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3662-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Van Riet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart","family":"Neyns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4060","article-title":"Cancer immunotherapy using checkpoint blockade","volume":"359","author":"Ribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709684","article-title":"Overall Survival with Combined Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Advanced Melanoma","volume":"377","author":"Wolchok","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. 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