{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,3]],"date-time":"2026-05-03T03:58:56Z","timestamp":1777780736943,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: An epidemiological study of Streptococcus pneumoniae nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children was carried out five years after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Objectives: Study the impact of pediatric vaccination with PCV13, and other associated epidemiological factors on the status of nasopharyngeal carriage, the circulating pneumococcal serotypes, and the antibiotic susceptibility to more frequently used antibiotics. Methods: A multi-center study was carried out in Primary Health Care, which included 1821 healthy children aged 1 to 4 years old. All isolates were sent to the Spanish Pneumococcal Reference Laboratory for serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results: At least one dose of PCV13 had been received by 71.9% of children and carriage pneumococcal prevalence was 19.7%. The proportion of PCV13 serotypes was low (14.4%), with an observed predominance of non-vaccine serotypes, 23B, 11A, 10A, 35B\/F, and 23A were the five most frequent. A high rate of resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was found. Conclusions: A low proportion of PCV13 serotypes were detected, confirming the impact of pediatric vaccination for reducing the serotypes vaccine carriage. High resistance rates to clinically important antibiotics were observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]],"date-time":"2020-12-28T20:03:03Z","timestamp":1609185783000},"page":"14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Impact of Pneumococcal Vaccination in the Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Healthy Children of the Murcia Region in Spain"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Santiago","family":"Alfayate Migu\u00e9lez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Genoveva","family":"Yague Guirao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Menasalvas Ru\u00edz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9642-0613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Sanchez-Sol\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Infectious Disease and Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirian","family":"Domenech Lucas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumoccocal Reference Laboratory CNM-ISCIII, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3175-9004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumoccocal Reference Laboratory CNM-ISCIII, 28220 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1594-7849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Ort\u00edz Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department S, Luc\u00eda Hospital, 30202 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pilar","family":"Espejo Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrio del Peral Health care Center, 30300 Cartagena, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Guerrero G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department Morales Meseguer Hospital, 30008 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0525-0995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Iofr\u00edo de Arce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"El Ranero Health care Center, 30009 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Moreno Parrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parrado Moreno L Los Arcos-Mar Menor Hospital, 30739 San Javier, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"S\u00e1nchez Andrada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"San Javier Health care Center, 30730 San Javier, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Cascales Alcolea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department Rafael M\u00e9ndez Hospital, 30739 San Javier, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Lorente Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Totana Health care Center, 30850 Murcia, Sapin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Paredes Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngela","family":"Casquet Barcel\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ronda Sur. Health care Center, 30010 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"L\u00f3pez Yepes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department V del Castillo Hospital, 30510 Yecla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Vigueras Abell\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrician. Centro de Salud Mariano Yago, 30510 Yecla, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0041-6466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Sanz Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Mar\u00eda de Gracia Health care Center, 30009 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Murcian Pneumococcal Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)00938-7","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae colonisation: The key to pneumococcal disease","volume":"4","author":"Bogaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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