{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T23:56:43Z","timestamp":1791244603448,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]],"date-time":"2021-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we present a multicentre record-based descriptive study used to estimate the incidence and characterize the spectrum of confirmed bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) vaccine-related disease among children in Oman. This study included all children (age \u2264 14 years) who had culture and\/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed BCG disease from January 2006 to December 2018, as identified from Central Public Health Laboratory data and International Classification of Diseases coding of an electronic patient information system. In total, 88 children confirmed to have BCG disease were included in the study, making an average incidence of 9.2 cases per 100,000 vaccinated neonates. The males comprised 65.9%, Omanis 93.2%, and the median age of presentation was 4 months in children with BCG disease. The most common type of disease was BCG abscesses (72.4%). Children with immunodeficiency and those presenting within 6 months were found to have a more severe and disseminated disease. In total, 28 children had immunodeficiency. The age of presentation and type of BCG disease was significantly associated with immunodeficiency status. The majority of cases required therapy (both medical and surgical) and recovered well. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed BCG vaccine-related disease was low in Oman supporting continuing the use of the BCG vaccination practice at birth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,14]],"date-time":"2021-02-14T05:54:49Z","timestamp":1613282089000},"page":"150","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Spectrum of Bacille Calmette\u2013Gu\u00e9rin Diseases in Children\u2014A Decade of Data from Neonatal Vaccination Settings"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2516-3570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noora","family":"Al Busaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 132, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"KP","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Al-Jardani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"},{"name":"Central Public Health Laboratories, Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nashat","family":"Al-Sukaiti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat 111, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salem","family":"Al Tamemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al Khod 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bader","family":"Al-Rawahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5938-9274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaid","family":"Al Hinai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al Khod 123, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatma","family":"Alyaquobi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 132, Oman"},{"name":"Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-6814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seif","family":"Al-Abri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8322-8331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Al-Maani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology Program, Oman Medical Specialty Board, Muscat 132, Oman"},{"name":"Directorate General for Diseases Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, Muscat 100, Oman"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat 111, Oman"},{"name":"Department of Infection Prevention and Control, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 393, Muscat 100, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(1996). The role of BCG vaccine in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in the United States. A joint statement by the Advisory Council for the Elimination of Tuberculosis and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm. 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