{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T15:41:41Z","timestamp":1782315701087,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":132,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613433600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JSTO-CBD CBMV-02-2-0007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSTO-CBD CBMV-02-2-0007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The etiologic agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, is a globally distributed pathogen which poses both a natural and adversarial threat. Due largely to the rapid course and high mortality of pneumonic plague, vaccines are greatly needed. Two-component protein vaccines have been unreliable and potentially vulnerable to vaccine resistance. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of eight live Y. pestis strains derived from virulent strains CO92 or KIM6+ and mutated in one or more virulence-associated gene(s) or cured of plasmid pPst. Stringent, single-dose vaccination allowed down-selection of the two safest and most protective vaccine candidates, CO92 mutants pgm- pPst- and \u0394yscN. Both completely protected BALB\/c mice against subcutaneous and aerosol challenge with Y. pestis. Strain CD-1 outbred mice were more resistant to bubonic (but not pneumonic) plague than BALB\/c mice, but the vaccines elicited partial protection of CD-1 mice against aerosol challenge, while providing full protection against subcutaneous challenge. A \u0394yscN mutant of the nonencapsulated C12 strain was expected to display antigens previously concealed by the capsule. C12 \u0394yscN elicited negligible titers to F1 but comparable antibody levels to whole killed bacteria, as did CO92 \u0394yscN. Although one dose of C12 \u0394yscN was not protective, vaccination with two doses of either CO92 \u0394yscN, or a combination of the \u0394yscN mutants of C12 and CO92, protected optimally against lethal bubonic or pneumonic plague. Protection against encapsulated Y. pestis required inclusion of F1 in the vaccine and was associated with high anti-F1 titers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]],"date-time":"2021-02-16T22:13:38Z","timestamp":1613513618000},"page":"161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Protection Elicited by Attenuated Live Yersinia pestis Vaccine Strains against Lethal Infection with Virulent Y. pestis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Cote","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei S.","family":"Biryukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Klimko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Shoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raysa","family":"Rosario-Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Fetterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krishna L.","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel O.","family":"Rill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dankmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia L.","family":"Worsham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6959-8176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joel A.","family":"Bozue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Welkos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.13.42","article-title":"Live-attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccines","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"653","article-title":"Effectiveness of live or killed plague vaccines in man","volume":"42","author":"Meyer","year":"1970","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-024-0890-4_12","article-title":"Plague vaccines: Status and future","volume":"918","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00602","article-title":"Plague vaccine development: Current research and future trends","volume":"7","author":"Verma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.3.1533-1537.1999","article-title":"Protective efficacy of recombinant yersinia outer proteins against bubonic plague caused by encapsulated and nonencapsulated Yersinia pestis","volume":"67","author":"Andrews","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"299","article-title":"Studies on the contribution of the F1 capsule-associated plasmid pFra to the virulence of Yersinia pestis","volume":"13","author":"Welkos","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contrib. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"325","article-title":"Construction of defined F1 negative mutants of virulent Yersinia pestis","volume":"13","author":"Worsham","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contrib. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80110-2","article-title":"Protection against experimental bubonic and pneumonic plague by a recombinant capsular F1-V antigen fusion protein vaccine","volume":"16","author":"Heath","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1021\/bp050098r","article-title":"Design and testing for a nontagged F1-V fusion protein as vaccine antigen against bubonic and pneumonic plague","volume":"21","author":"Powell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Prog."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12044","article-title":"Protecting against plague: Towards a next-generation vaccine","volume":"172","author":"Williamson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"Pitt, L.M. (2004, January 13). Non-human primates as a model for pneumonic plague: Animal models and correlates of protection for plague. Proceedings of the Plague Vaccines Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD, USA."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamovicz, J.J., and Worsham, P.L. (2012). Laboratory Animal Models of Plague, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/b11523-9"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00333-08","article-title":"Flagellin-F1-V fusion protein is an effective plague vaccine in mice and two species of nonhuman primates","volume":"16","author":"Mizel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.06.119","article-title":"Prevention of pneumonic plague in mice, rats, guinea pigs and non-human primates with clinical grade rV10, rV10-2 or F1-V vaccines","volume":"29","author":"Quenee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.10.003","article-title":"Amino acid and structural variability of Yersinia pestis LcrV protein","volume":"10","author":"Anisimov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.05637-11","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the lcrv gene of Yersinia enterocolitica and their effect on plague protective immunity","volume":"80","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.2.446-451.1997","article-title":"Passive immunity to infection with Yersinia spp. mediated by anti-recombinant V antigen is dependent on polymorphism of V antigen","volume":"65","author":"Roggenkamp","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1830","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01830","article-title":"Polymorphism in the Yersinia LcrV antigen enables immune escape from the protection conferred by an LcrV-secreting Lactococcus lactis in a pseudotuberculosis mouse model","volume":"10","author":"Daniel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1038\/emi.2012.34","article-title":"Plague vaccines: Current developments and future perspectives","volume":"1","author":"Feodorova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"47","article-title":"Aerosol vaccination against dangerous infectious diseases","volume":"8","author":"Stepanov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vestn. Ross. Akad. Med. Nauk"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.7.2.209","article-title":"Current challenges in the development of vaccines for pneumonic plague","volume":"7","author":"Smiley","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2004.06.009","article-title":"Stat 4 but not stat 6 mediated immune mechanisms are essential in protection against plague","volume":"37","author":"Elvin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.09.063","article-title":"Antibodies and cytokines independently protect against pneumonic plague","volume":"26","author":"Kummer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408026101","article-title":"Microevolution and history of the plague bacillus, Yersinia pestis","volume":"101","author":"Achtman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1003303","article-title":"IL-17 contributes to cell-mediated defense against pulmonary Yersinia pestis infection","volume":"186","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.08.099","article-title":"TNF\u03b1 and IFN\u03b3 contribute to F1\/LcrV-targeted immune defense in mouse models of fully virulent pneumonic plague","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2012.02583.x","article-title":"A Yersinia pestis YscN atpase mutant functions as a live attenuated vaccine against bubonic plague in mice","volume":"332","author":"Bozue","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/129.Supplement_1.S85","article-title":"Live, attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccine: Virulent in nonhuman primates, harmless to guinea pigs","volume":"129","author":"Meyer","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00119-6","article-title":"Determination of the virulence of the pigmentation-deficient and pigmentation-\/plasminogen activator-deficient strains of Yersinia pestis in non-human primate and mouse models of pneumonic plague","volume":"20","author":"Welkos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7009","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-24581-y","article-title":"Single vector platform vaccine protects against lethal respiratory challenge with tier 1 select agents of anthrax, plague, and tularemia","volume":"8","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.01.014","article-title":"Subcutaneous vaccination with a live attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis plague vaccine","volume":"38","author":"Derbise","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.11.022","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune correlates of protection against bubonic plague by a live Yersinia pseudotuberculosis vaccine","volume":"37","author":"Demeure","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derbise, A., Hanada, Y., Khalife, M., Carniel, E., and Demeure, C.E. (2015). Complete protection against pneumonic and bubonic plague after a single oral vaccination. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004162"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1932","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00188-16","article-title":"Ecological opportunity, evolution, and the emergence of flea-borne plague","volume":"84","author":"Hinnebusch","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chan, V.L., Sherman, P.M., and Bourke, B. (2006). Type III secretion system in Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Bacterial genomes and Infectious Diseases, Humana Press.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-152-9"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4310","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.12.4310-4317.1991","article-title":"Construction of an eae deletion mutant of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli by using a positive-selection suicide vector","volume":"59","author":"Donnenberg","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2011.02.005","article-title":"The role of the phoPQ operon in the pathogenesis of the fully virulent CO92 strain of Yersinia pestis and the IP32953 strain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis","volume":"50","author":"Bozue","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bozue, J., Cote, C.K., Chance, T., Kugelman, J., Kern, S.J., Kijek, T.K., Jenkins, A., Mou, S., Moody, K., and Fritz, D. (2014). A Yersinia pestis tat mutant is attenuated in bubonic and small-aerosol pneumonic challenge models of infection but not as attenuated by intranasal challenge. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0104524"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4580","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.11.4580-4585.1996","article-title":"Recombinant V antigen protects mice against pneumonic and bubonic plague caused by F1-capsule-positive and -negative strains of Yersinia pestis","volume":"64","author":"Anderson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"309","article-title":"Measuring the efficacy of vaccination in affording protection against plague","volume":"57","author":"Williams","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.109","article-title":"Cat-transmitted fatal pneumonic plague in a person who traveled from colorado to arizona","volume":"51","author":"Doll","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.64.6.2180-2187.1996","article-title":"Fraction 1 capsular antigen (F1) purification from Yersinia pestis CO92 and from an Escherichia coli recombinant strain and efficacy against lethal plague challenge","volume":"64","author":"Andrews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Swietnicki, W., Carmany, D., Retford, M., Guelta, M., Dorsey, R., Bozue, J., Lee, M.S., and Olson, M.A. (2011). Identification of small-molecule inhibitors of Yersinia pestis type III secretion system YscN atpase. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019716"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.1997.0154","article-title":"Studies on the role of plasminogen activator in systemic infection by virulent Yersinia pestis strain CO92","volume":"23","author":"Welkos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.55.3.572-578.1987","article-title":"Resistance to pesticin, storage of iron, and invasion of HeLa cells by Yersiniae","volume":"55","author":"Sikkema","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201014666131226122243","article-title":"Rational considerations about development of live attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccines","volume":"14","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2030","article-title":"Developing live vaccines against plague","volume":"5","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dev. Ctries"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.099","article-title":"A live attenuated strain of Yersinia pestis KIM as a vaccine against plague","volume":"29","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01403-12","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Yersinia pestis synthesis of 1-dephosphorylated lipid a","volume":"81","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1086\/520547","article-title":"Comparison of 2 antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis for the treatment of infection with Yersinia pestis delivered by aerosol in a mouse model of pneumonic plague","volume":"196","author":"Heine","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Trevino, S.R., Klimko, C.P., Reed, M.C., Aponte-Cuadrado, M.J., Hunter, M., Shoe, J.L., Meyer, J.R., Dankmeyer, J.L., Biryukov, S.S., and Quirk, A.V. (2018). Disease progression in mice exposed to low-doses of aerosolized clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208277"},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"577","article-title":"The virulence-enhancing effect of iron on nonpigmented mutants of virulent strains of Pasturella pestis","volume":"37","author":"Burrows","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01446.x","article-title":"Loss of the pigmentation phenotype in Yersinia pestis is due to the spontaneous deletion of 102 kb of chromosomal DNA which is flanked by a repetitive element","volume":"6","author":"Fetherston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.02.013","article-title":"A strategy to verify the absence of the pgm locus in Yersinia pestis strain candidates for select agent exemption","volume":"77","author":"Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1439793","article-title":"A surface protease and the invasive character of plague","volume":"258","author":"Sodeinde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02235.x","article-title":"The psp locus of Yersinia enterocolitica is required for virulence and for growth in vitro when the Ysc type III secretion system is produced","volume":"39","author":"Darwin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.182.2.311-319.2000","article-title":"The PspA protein of Escherichia coli is a negative regulator of sigma(54)-dependent transcription","volume":"182","author":"Dworkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"473","article-title":"Correlates of immunity elicited by live Yersinia pestis vaccine","volume":"NIH Volume 1","author":"Georgiev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Frontiers in Research"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2010.02456.x","article-title":"Comparison of immunological responses of plague vaccines F1+rV270 and EV76 in chinese-origin rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta","volume":"72","author":"Qiu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2025","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00105-08","article-title":"Yersinia pestis caf1 variants and the limits of plague vaccine protection","volume":"76","author":"Quenee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02173-14","article-title":"LcrV delivered via type III secretion system of live attenuated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis enhances immunogenicity against pneumonic plague","volume":"82","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1995.tb00196.x","article-title":"A new improved sub-unit vaccine for plague: The basis of protection","volume":"12","author":"Williamson","year":"1995","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feodorova, V.A., Lyapina, A.M., Khizhnyakova, M.A., Zaitsev, S.S., Saltykov, Y.V., and Motin, V.L. (2020). Yersinia pestis antigen F1 but not LcrV induced humoral and cellular immune responses in humans immunized with live plague vaccine-comparison of immunoinformatic and immunological approaches. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040698"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607114558489","article-title":"Innate mucosal immune system response of BALB\/c vs C57BL\/6 mice to injury in the setting of enteral and parenteral feeding","volume":"40","author":"Busch","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985811429314","article-title":"Immunological variation between inbred laboratory mouse strains: Points to consider in phenotyping genetically immunomodified mice","volume":"49","author":"Sellers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-013-8454-3","article-title":"The Yersinia pestis type III secretion system: Expression, assembly and role in the evasion of host defenses","volume":"57","author":"Plano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6127","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.6127-6137.2005","article-title":"Anti-LcrV antibody inhibits delivery of yops by Yersinia pestis KIM5 by directly promoting phagocytosis","volume":"73","author":"Cowan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118476","article-title":"The V-antigen of Yersinia forms a distinct structure at the tip of injectisome needles","volume":"310","author":"Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01408.x","article-title":"The V-antigen of Yersinia is surface exposed before target cell contact and involved in virulence protein translocation","volume":"32","author":"Pettersson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.3.1532-1542.2005","article-title":"Antibody against V antigen prevents yop-dependent growth of Yersinia pestis","volume":"73","author":"Philipovskiy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00463.x","article-title":"The pigmentation locus of Yersinia pestis KIM6+ is flanked by an insertion sequence and includes the structural genes for pesticin sensitivity and HMWP2","volume":"13","author":"Fetherston","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1137195","article-title":"A plasminogen-activating protease specifically controls the development of primary pneumonic plague","volume":"315","author":"Lathem","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sebbane, F., Uversky, V.N., and Anisimov, A.P. (2020). Yersinia pestis plasminogen activator. Biomolecules, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10111554"},{"key":"ref_74","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2011). Fatal laboratory-acquired infection with an attenuated Yersinia pestis strain\u2014Chicago, Illinois, 2009. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep., 60, 201\u2013205."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"570","article-title":"The pigmentation of Pasteurella pestis on a defined medium containing haemin","volume":"37","author":"Burrows","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br. J. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis433","article-title":"Hereditary hemochromatosis restores the virulence of plague vaccine strains","volume":"206","author":"Quenee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00559-09","article-title":"Absence of inflammation and pneumonia during infection with nonpigmented Yersinia pestis reveals a new role for the pgm locus in pathogenesis","volume":"78","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00597-12","article-title":"Evaluation of protective potential of Yersinia pestis outer membrane protein antigens as possible candidates for a new-generation recombinant plague vaccine","volume":"20","author":"Erova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feodorova, V.A., Lyapina, A.M., Khizhnyakova, M.A., Zaitsev, S.S., Sayapina, L.V., Arseneva, T.E., Trukhachev, A.L., Lebedeva, S.A., Telepnev, M.V., and Ulianova, O.V. (2018). Humoral and cellular immune responses to Yersinia pestis Pla antigen in humans immunized with live plague vaccine. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006511"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.037960-0","article-title":"The natural history and incidence of Yersinia pestis and prospects for vaccination","volume":"61","author":"Williamson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.9.4851-4861.1999","article-title":"The 102-kilobase pgm locus of Yersinia pestis: Sequence analysis and comparison of selected regions among different Yersinia pestis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis strains","volume":"67","author":"Buchrieser","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.35","article-title":"Yersinia pestis\u2014Etiologic agent of plague","volume":"10","author":"Perry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2005.09.001","article-title":"A dam mutant of Yersinia pestis is attenuated and induces protection against plague","volume":"252","author":"Robinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.27959-0","article-title":"Oral immunization with a dam mutant of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis protects against plague","volume":"151","author":"Taylor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5588","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00699-08","article-title":"Immunization with recombinant V10 protects cynomolgus macaques from lethal pneumonic plague","volume":"76","author":"Cornelius","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4476","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.11.4476-4482.1997","article-title":"Regions of Yersinia pestis V antigen that contribute to protection against plague identified by passive and active immunization","volume":"65","author":"Hill","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_87","first-page":"216","article-title":"Expression of Yersinia pestis V antigen in attenuated Salmonella typhimurium: Development of a novel vaccine for plague","volume":"13","author":"Leary","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contrib. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.2854-2858.1995","article-title":"Active immunization with recombinant V antigen from Yersinia pestis protects mice against plague","volume":"63","author":"Leary","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4192","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.10.4192-4201.1994","article-title":"Passive immunity to Yersiniae mediated by anti-recombinant V antigen and protein A-V antigen fusion peptide","volume":"62","author":"Motin","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Singh, A.K., and Sun, W. (2020). Protection and safety evaluation of live constructions derived from the Pgm(-) and pPCP1(-) Yersinia pestis strain. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8010095"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.1.129","article-title":"Differential expression of chemokine receptors and chemotactic responsiveness of type 1 T helper cells (Th1s) and Th2s","volume":"187","author":"Bonecchi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6178","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.11.6178-6183.2003","article-title":"Differential production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1gamma (MIP-1gamma), lymphotactin, and MIP-2 by CD4(+) Th subsets polarized in vitro and in vivo","volume":"71","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64177-6","article-title":"Eosinophil recruitment in type-2 hypersensitivity pulmonary granulomas: Source and contribution of monocyte chemotactic protein-3 (CCL7)","volume":"161","author":"Shang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2007.10.009","article-title":"Th17 cells and mucosal host defense","volume":"19","author":"Aujla","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derbise, A., Marin, A.C., Ave, P., Blisnick, T., Huerre, M., Carniel, E., and Demeure, C.E. (2012). An encapsulated Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is a highly efficient vaccine against pneumonic plague. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis., 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001528"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201646723","article-title":"IL-17 and IL-22 in immunity: Driving protection and pathology","volume":"47","author":"Eyerich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7791","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.11.7791","article-title":"An IL-17F\/A heterodimer protein is produced by mouse Th17 cells and induces airway neutrophil recruitment","volume":"179","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"203","author":"Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-017-0708-5","article-title":"GM-CSF overexpression after influenza a virus infection prevents mortality and moderates M1-like airway monocyte\/macrophage polarization","volume":"19","author":"Halstead","year":"2018","journal-title":"Respir. Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1263","article-title":"A function for interleukin 2 in foxp3-expressing regulatory T cells","volume":"6","author":"Fontenot","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5118","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.7.5118","article-title":"IL-2\/anti-IL-2 antibody complex enhances vaccine-mediated antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and increases the ratio of effector\/memory CD8+ T cells to regulatory T cells","volume":"180","author":"Mostbock","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.12.6199","article-title":"A novel role for IL-3: Human monocytes cultured in the presence of IL-3 and IL-4 differentiate into dendritic cells that produce less IL-12 and shift Th cell responses toward a Th2 cytokine pattern","volume":"168","author":"Ebner","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herbert, D.R., Douglas, B., and Zullo, K. (2019). Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2): Type 2 immunity and helminth immunity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20092276"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4737","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0801941","article-title":"IL-9 promotes IL-13-dependent paneth cell hyperplasia and up-regulation of innate immunity mediators in intestinal mucosa","volume":"182","author":"Steenwinckel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838932","article-title":"Th2 allergic immune response to inhaled fungal antigens is modulated by TLR-4-independent bacterial products","volume":"39","author":"Allard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2005.09.023","article-title":"Pulmonary T(h)2 response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected patients with cystic fibrosis","volume":"117","author":"Hartl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-010-0198-8","article-title":"Th17 cells in mucosal immunity and tissue inflammation","volume":"32","author":"Kolls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2010.11.002","article-title":"The role of Th17 cytokines in primary mucosal immunity","volume":"21","author":"Kolls","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.06.080","article-title":"Microfold cells actively translocate Mycobacterium tuberculosis to initiate infection","volume":"16","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80063-1","article-title":"The M cell as a portal of entry to the lung for the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis","volume":"10","author":"Teitelbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9541-7_14","article-title":"Human neutrophil isolation and degranulation responses to Yersinia pestis infection","volume":"2010","author":"Eichelberger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eichelberger, K.R., Jones, G.S., and Goldman, W.E. (2019). Inhibition of neutrophil primary granule release during Yersinia pestis pulmonary infection. mBio, 10.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02759-19"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2010.00138","article-title":"Contribution of neutrophils to acute lung injury","volume":"17","author":"Grommes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.5.766","article-title":"Vaccination against hepatitis b: Comparison of three different vaccination schedules","volume":"160","author":"Jilg","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6549a5","article-title":"Use of a 2-dose schedule for human papillomavirus vaccination-updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices","volume":"65","author":"Meites","year":"2016","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.06.008","article-title":"Germinal center enhancement by extended antigen availability","volume":"47","author":"Cirelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00956","article-title":"Role of multivalency and antigenic threshold in generating protective antibody responses","volume":"10","author":"Slifka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0000000000000455","article-title":"Essential roles for platelets during neutrophil-dependent or lymphocyte-mediated defense against bacterial pathogens","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.3.1306-1315.2003","article-title":"Intrapulmonary expression of macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (CCL3) induces neutrophil and nk cell accumulation and stimulates innate immunity in murine bacterial pneumonia","volume":"71","author":"Zeng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2018.09.001","article-title":"Lack of chemokine (c-c motif) ligand 3 leads to decreased survival and reduced immune response after bacterial meningitis","volume":"111","author":"Aust","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.3.911","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of cDNAs for murine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and its human homologues","volume":"172","author":"Gallegos","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.067","article-title":"Chemokine receptor CXCR2 mediates bacterial clearance rather than neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of pneumonic plague","volume":"178","author":"Eisele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1943","article-title":"Apoptosis and caspases regulate death and inflammation in sepsis","volume":"6","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01208-08","article-title":"Antimicrobial effects of interferon-inducible CXC chemokines against Bacillus anthracis spores and bacilli","volume":"77","author":"Crawford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Margulieux, K.R., Fox, J.W., Nakamoto, R.K., and Hughes, M.A. (2016). CXCL10 acts as a bifunctional antimicrobial molecule against Bacillus anthracis. mBio, 7.","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00334-16"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1038\/s41541-018-0087-z","article-title":"Targeting of the Yersinia pestis F1 capsular antigen by innate-like B1b cells mediates a rapid protective response against bubonic plague","volume":"3","author":"Levy","year":"2018","journal-title":"NPJ Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05559-11","article-title":"Humoral and cellular immune responses to Yersinia pestis infection in long-term recovered plague patients","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Vaccine Immunol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2009.02365.x","article-title":"Cell-mediated immune response and Th\/Th cytokine profile of B-T constructs of F1 and V antigen of Yersinia pestis","volume":"71","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szaba, F.M., Kummer, L.W., Duso, D.K., Koroleva, E.P., Tumanov, A.V., Cooper, A.M., Bliska, J.B., Smiley, S.T., and Lin, J.S. (2014). Tnf\u03b1 and IFN\u03b3 but not perforin are critical for CD8 T cell-mediated protection against pulmonary Yersinia pestis infection. PLoS Pathog., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004142"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Culbreth, M.J., Biryukov, S.S., Shoe, J.L., Dankmeyer, J.L., Hunter, M., Klimko, C.P., Rosario-Acevedo, R., Fetterer, D.P., Moreau, A.M., and Welkos, S.L. (2019). The use of analgesics during vaccination with a live attenuated Yersinia pestis vaccine alters the resulting immune response in mice. Vaccines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7040205"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00242-09","article-title":"High-throughput identification of new protective antigens from a Yersinia pestis live vaccine by enzyme-linked immunospot assay","volume":"77","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.092","article-title":"Novel CTL epitopes identified through a Y. pestis proteome-wide analysis in the search for vaccine candidates against plague","volume":"35","author":"Zvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/2\/161\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:24:57Z","timestamp":1760160297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/2\/161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]},"references-count":132,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines9020161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9020161","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,16]]}}}