{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:46:16Z","timestamp":1790505976921,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jarislowsky Chair in Biotechnology","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017-05737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-05737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-typhoidal Salmonella are a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, as well as causing bloodstream infections in sub-Saharan Africa with a high fatality rate. No vaccine is currently available for human use. Current vaccine development strategies are focused on capsular polysaccharides (CPS) present on the surface of non-typhoidal Salmonella. This study aimed to boost the amount of CPS purified from S. Typhimurium for immunization trials. Random mutagenesis with Tn10 transposon increased the production of CPS colanic acid, by 10-fold compared to wildtype. Immunization with colanic acid or colanic acid conjugated to truncated glycoprotein D or inactivated diphtheria toxin did not induce a protective immune response in mice. However, immunization with Generalized Modules for Membrane Antigens (GMMAs) isolated from colanic acid overproducing isolates reduced Salmonella colonization in mice. Our results support the development of a GMMA-CPS-based vaccine against non-typhoidal Salmonella.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9020165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]],"date-time":"2021-02-17T21:35:42Z","timestamp":1613597742000},"page":"165","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["A GMMA-CPS-Based Vaccine for Non-Typhoidal Salmonella"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Akosiererem S.","family":"Sokaribo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0165-7189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumudu R.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Sereggela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Krochak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay R.","family":"Balezantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Deck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sam","family":"Attah-Poku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4893-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis Wade","family":"Abbott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J4B1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shantanu","family":"Tamuly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati 781022, Assam, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2746-5265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aaron P.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E3, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5E5, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirk, M.D., Pires, S.M., Black, R.E., Caipo, M., Crump, J.A., Devleesschauwer, B., D\u00f6pfer, D., Fazil, A., Fischer-Walker, C.L., and Hald, T. 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