{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:01:06Z","timestamp":1792195266981,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\/a"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\/a"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Preventative vaccines are considered one of the most cost-effective and efficient means to contain outbreaks and prevent pandemics. However, the requirements to gain licensure and manufacture a vaccine for human use are complex, costly, and time-consuming. The 2013\u20132016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak was the largest EVD outbreak to date and the third Public Health Emergency of International Concern in history, so to prevent a pandemic, numerous partners from the public and private sectors combined efforts and resources to develop an investigational Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV) vaccine candidate (rVSV\u0394G-ZEBOV-GP) as quickly as possible. The rVSV\u0394G-ZEBOV-GP vaccine was approved as ERVEBOTM by the European Medicines Authority (EMA) and the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2019 after five years of development. This review describes the development program of this EBOV vaccine, summarizes what is known about safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy, describes ongoing work in the program, and highlights learnings applicable to the development of pandemic vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T06:47:20Z","timestamp":1614322040000},"page":"190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Development of Pandemic Vaccines: ERVEBO Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2837-8262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayanthi","family":"Wolf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory Affairs, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Risat","family":"Jannat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Vaccines &amp; Biologics Commercialization, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheri","family":"Dubey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics &amp; Drug Metabolism, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4696-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sean","family":"Troth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Safety Assessment and Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Onorato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Clinical Trial Operations, Vaccines, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth-Ann","family":"Coller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Clinical Development, Vaccines, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4785-7207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary E.","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Scientific &amp; Medical Publications, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakub K.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Clinical Development, Vaccines, Merck &amp; Co. Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2014). Ebola Strategy: Ebola and Marburg Virus Disease Epidemics: Preparedness, Alert, Control, and Evaluation, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0444-0","article-title":"Understanding long-term effects of Ebola virus disease","volume":"25","author":"Chertow","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. 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