{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:29:16Z","timestamp":1792661356168,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]],"date-time":"2021-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT Joven 2017-1087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT Joven 2017-1087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Foot and mouth disease is a livestock acute disease, causing economic losses in affected areas. Currently, control of this disease is performed by mandatory vaccination campaigns using inactivated viral vaccines. In this work, we describe the development of a chimeric VLP-based vaccine candidate for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), based on the co-expression of the HIV-1 Gag protein and a novel fusion rabies glycoprotein (RVG), which carries in its N-term the FMDV main antigen: the G-H loop. It is demonstrated by confocal microscopy that both Gag-GFP polyprotein and the G-H loop colocalize at the cell membrane and, that the Gag polyprotein of the HIV virus acts as a scaffold for enveloped VLPs that during the budding process acquires the proteins that are being expressed in the cell membrane. The obtained VLPs were spherical particles of 130 \u00b1 40 nm in diameter (analyzed by TEM, Cryo-TEM and NTA) carrying an envelope membrane that efficiently display the GH-RVG on its surface (analyzed by gold immunolabeling). Immunostainings with a FMDV hyperimmune serum showed that the heterologous antigenic site, genetically fused to RVG, is recognized by specific G-H loop antibodies. Additionally, the cVLPs produced expose the G-H loop to the liquid surrounding (analyzed by specific ELISA). Finally, we confirmed that these FMD cVLPs are able to induce a specific humoral immune response, based on antibodies directed to the G-H loop in experimental animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030251","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T02:51:48Z","timestamp":1615776708000},"page":"251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Chimeric VLPs Based on HIV-1 Gag and a Fusion Rabies Glycoprotein Induce Specific Antibodies against Rabies and Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5109-7637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Fontana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Culture Laboratory, CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), UNL, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina"},{"name":"Biotechnological Development Laboratory, CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), UNL, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3694-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"Garay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Culture Laboratory, CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), UNL, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cervera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Qu\u00edmica, Biol\u00f2gica i Ambiental, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Kratje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Culture Laboratory, CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), CONICET, FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), UNL, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0422-0153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnological Development Laboratory, CBL (Biotechnological Center of Litoral), FBCB (School of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences), UNL, S3000ZAA Santa Fe, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesc","family":"G\u00f2dia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d\u2019Enginyeria Qu\u00edmica, Biol\u00f2gica i Ambiental, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmgm.2009.08.006","article-title":"Structure and dynamics of the GH loop of the foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid","volume":"28","author":"Azuma","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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