{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T03:28:03Z","timestamp":1792294083741,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007188","name":"Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Dean\u2019s Research and Education Endowment Fund"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Dean\u2019s Research and Education Endowment Fund"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and is strongly implicated in the etiology of multiple lymphoid and epithelial cancers. EBV core fusion machinery envelope proteins gH\/gL and gB coordinately mediate EBV fusion and entry into its target cells, B lymphocytes and epithelial cells, suggesting these proteins could induce antibodies that prevent EBV infection. We previously reported that the immunization of rabbits with recombinant EBV gH\/gL or trimeric gB each induced markedly higher serum EBV-neutralizing titers for B lymphocytes than that of the leading EBV vaccine candidate gp350. In this study, we demonstrated that immunization of rabbits with EBV core fusion machinery proteins induced high titer EBV neutralizing antibodies for both B lymphocytes and epithelial cells, and EBV gH\/gL in combination with EBV trimeric gB elicited strong synergistic EBV neutralizing activities. Furthermore, the immune sera from rabbits immunized with EBV gH\/gL or trimeric gB demonstrated strong passive immune protection of humanized mice from lethal dose EBV challenge, partially or completely prevented death respectively, and markedly decreased the EBV load in peripheral blood of humanized mice. These data strongly suggest the combination of EBV core fusion machinery envelope proteins gH\/gL and trimeric gB is a promising EBV prophylactic vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9030285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Immunization with Epstein\u2013Barr Virus Core Fusion Machinery Envelope Proteins Elicit High Titers of Neutralizing Activities and Protect Humanized Mice from Lethal Dose EBV Challenge"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Xinle","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"},{"name":"Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhouhong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriko","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Infections, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken-Ichi","family":"Imadome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine for Infections, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-0074, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clifford M.","family":"Snapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Institute for Vaccine Research, Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107fs7","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002878","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus: An important vaccine target for cancer prevention","volume":"3","author":"Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. 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