{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T17:58:22Z","timestamp":1793210302250,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","award":["120011021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["120011021"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)","award":["NRF-2020R1F1A1052024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1F1A1052024"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease is the most common method for preventing the spread of the disease; the negative effects include miscarriage, early embryo death, lower milk production, and decreased growth of fattening cattle. Therefore, in this study, we analyze the side effects of vaccination by determining the acute immune response and ovulation rate after vaccinating cows for foot-and-mouth disease. The test axis was synchronized with ovulation using 100 Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae) cows from the Gyeongsangbuk-do Livestock Research Institute; only individuals with estrus confirmed by ovarian ultrasound were used for the test. All test axes were artificially inseminated 21 days after the previous estrus date. The control group was administered 0.9% normal saline, the negative control was injected intramuscularly with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5 \u00b5g\/kg), and the test group was administered a foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine (FMDV vaccine; bioaftogen, O and A serotypes, inactivated vaccine) 2, 9, and 16 days before artificial insemination. White blood cells and neutrophils increased significantly 1 day after vaccination, and body temperature in the rumen increased for 16 h after vaccination. Ovulation was detected 1 day after artificial fertilization by ovarian ultrasound. The ovulation rates were as follows: control 89%, LPS 60%, FMDV vaccine (\u22122 d) 50%, FMDV vaccine (\u22129 d) 75%, and FMDV vaccine (\u221216 d) 75%. In particular, the FMDV vaccine (\u22122 d) test group confirmed that ovulation was delayed for 4 days after artificial insemination. In addition, it was confirmed that it took 9 days after inoculation for the plasma contents of haptoglobin and serum amyloid A to recover to the normal range as the main acute immune response factors. The conception rate of the FMDV vaccine (\u22122 d) group was 20%, which was significantly lower than that of the other test groups.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T21:25:56Z","timestamp":1619126756000},"page":"419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccination on Acute Phase Immune Response and Anovulation in Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreanae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4820-4438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daehyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Research Institute, 186 Daeryongsan-ro, Anjeong-myeon, Yeongju 36052, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-557X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joonho","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lartbio Co., Ltd., 12th Floor, 234 Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06221, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6785-6346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaejung","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Research Institute, 186 Daeryongsan-ro, Anjeong-myeon, Yeongju 36052, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Doyoon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Research Institute, 186 Daeryongsan-ro, Anjeong-myeon, Yeongju 36052, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2593-6529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junkoo","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Livestock Research Institute, 186 Daeryongsan-ro, Anjeong-myeon, Yeongju 36052, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease","volume":"17","author":"Grubman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"349","article-title":"Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease: The implications for Canada","volume":"43","author":"Kahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.039","article-title":"Foot and mouth disease virus vaccines","volume":"27","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-8-268","article-title":"Research in advance for FMD novel vaccines","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh, R.K., Sharma, G.K., Mahajan, S., Dhama, K., Basagoudanavar, S.H., Hosamani, M., Sreenivasa, B.P., Chaicumpa, W., Gupta, V.K., and Sanyal, A. (2019). Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Immunobiology, Advances in Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Addressing Vaccine Failures-An Indian Perspective. Vaccines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines7030090"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04216-x","article-title":"Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: Recent updates and future perspectives","volume":"164","author":"Kamel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Developing Vaccines Against Foot-and-Mouth Disease: A Biotechnological Approach","volume":"73","author":"Shahriari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Razi. Inst."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9537","article-title":"Effects of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus on reproductive performance of beef cows","volume":"94","author":"Ferreira","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0959-4493.2001.00221.x","article-title":"Adverse reactions to FMD vaccine","volume":"12","author":"Yeruham","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S2305-0500(13)60143-8","article-title":"Effect of foot and mouth disease vaccination on seminal and biochemical profiles of mithun (Bos frontalis) semen","volume":"2","author":"Perumal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2004.00160.x","article-title":"Mastitis and fertility in cattle\u2014Possible involvement of inflammation or immune activation in embryonic mortality","volume":"51","author":"Hansen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.03.011","article-title":"Porcine gammadelta T cells: Possible roles on the innate and adaptive immune responses following virus infection","volume":"112","author":"Takamatsu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2016.11.013","article-title":"The acute effect of intravenous lipopolysaccharide injection on serum and intrafollicular HDL components and gene expression in granulosa cells of the bovine dominant follicle","volume":"89","author":"Rincon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2008.05.058","article-title":"Exposure to endotoxin during estrus alters the timing of ovulation and hormonal concentrations in cows","volume":"70","author":"Lavon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.90017","article-title":"Developmental changes in inhibitory effects of arsenic and heat shock on growth of pre-implantation bovine embryos","volume":"63","author":"Krininger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Reprod. Dev."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"141","article-title":"Real-time Monitoring Method of Cattle\u2019s Temperature for FMD Prevention and Its Case Studies","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korean Inst. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Real-time Temperature Monitoring to Enhance Estrus Detection in Cattle Utilizing Ingestible Bio-Sensors: Method & Case Studies","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Korean Inst. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.8.3.347","article-title":"Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: Strategies and effectiveness","volume":"8","author":"Parida","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011-4450","article-title":"Endogenous and exogenous progesterone influence body temperature in dairy cows","volume":"95","author":"Suthar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.5713\/ajas.15.0353","article-title":"Body Temperature Monitoring Using Subcutaneously Implanted Thermo-loggers from Holstein Steers","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-1935(94)80046-4","article-title":"Peripheral blood concentrations of plasma steroids and a metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha in pregnant cows vaccinated against foot and mouth disease","volume":"150","author":"Eissa","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. Vet. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4443","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2015-9277","article-title":"Effects of vaccination against respiratory pathogens on feed intake, metabolic, and inflammatory responses in beef heifers","volume":"93","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2019.106226","article-title":"Intrafollicular lipopolysaccharide injection delays ovulation in cows","volume":"211","author":"Gindri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/5\/419\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:51:28Z","timestamp":1760161888000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/5\/419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines9050419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9050419","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]]}}}