{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T10:13:39Z","timestamp":1772705619496,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","award":["09122KFDA423 and 13172KFDA315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09122KFDA423 and 13172KFDA315"]}]},{"name":"Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","award":["09122KFDA423 and 13172KFDA315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["09122KFDA423 and 13172KFDA315"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The prevalence of varicella is especially high among children in the age group of 4\u20136 years in South Korea, regardless of vaccination. We investigated the immune status of healthy children enrolled in day-care centers and compared pre- and post-vaccination immunity. Antibody titers were measured using a glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (gpEIA) kit, and the seroconversion rate was assessed using a fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen (FAMA) test. Among 541 vaccinated children, 109 (20.1%) had breakthrough varicella. However, 13 (72.2%) of the 18 unvaccinated children had a history of varicella. The gpEIA geometric mean titers (GMTs) of pre- and 5 weeks post-vaccination in 1-year-old children were 14.7 and 72 mIU\/mL, respectively, and the FAMA seroconversion rate was 91.1%. The gpEIA GMTs of 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old children were 104.1, 133.8, 223.5, 364.1, and 353.0 mIU\/mL, respectively. Even though the gpEIA GMT increased with age, the pattern of gpEIA titer distribution in 4- to 6-year-old vaccinees without varicella history represented both waning immunity and natural boosting immunity. These results suggest that some vaccinees are vulnerable to varicella infection. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a two-dose varicella vaccine regimen in South Korea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050492","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T22:46:14Z","timestamp":1620859574000},"page":"492","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cross-Sectional Study of Varicella Zoster Virus Immunity in Healthy Korean Children Assessed by Glycoprotein Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Fluorescent Antibody to Membrane Antigen Test"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yunhwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Young","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Min","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eunsil","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3190-1333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hosun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea"},{"name":"Immunogenicity Evaluation Laboratory, Clinical Trial Center, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu 42415, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The Nature of Herpes Zoster: A Long-Term Study and a New Hypothesis","volume":"58","year":"1965","journal-title":"Proc. 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