{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T18:58:22Z","timestamp":1777402702708,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003329","name":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2016-77361-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2016-77361-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, an early colonizer of the nasal cavity in piglets, is a highly heterogeneous species, comprising both commensal and virulent strains. Virulent G. parasuis strains can cause fibrinous polyserositis called Gl\u00e4sser\u2019s disease. Colostrum is a source of passive immunity for young piglets. When vaccinating sows, protective antibodies are transferred to their offspring through the colostrum. Here, sow vaccination was performed with a protein fragment, F4, from the outer membrane trimeric autotransporters VtaAs exclusively found in virulent G. parasuis. Piglets were allowed to suckle for 3 weeks, following which a challenge with two virulent strains of G. parasuis was performed. A group of nonvaccinated sows and their piglets were included as a control. Antibodies against F4 were confirmed using ELISA in the vaccinated sows and their offspring before the G. parasuis challenge. Compared to the control group, F4-vaccination also resulted in an increased level of serum TGF-\u03b2 both in vaccinated sows and in their offspring at early time points of life. After the challenge, a lower body temperature and a higher weight were observed in the group of piglets from vaccinated sows. One piglet from the non-vaccinated group succumbed to the infection, but no other significant differences in clinical signs were noticed. At necropsy, performed 2 weeks after the virulent challenge, the level of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in bronchoalveolar lavage was higher in the piglets from vaccinated sows. Vaccination did not inhibit the nasal colonization of the piglets by the challenge strains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9050534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]],"date-time":"2021-05-20T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1621511157000},"page":"534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Sow Vaccination with a Protein Fragment against Virulent Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis Modulates Immunity Traits in Their Offspring"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0968-7713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"L\u00f3pez-Serrano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7233-2475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Neila-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Costa-Hurtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser","family":"Mahmmod","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"},{"name":"Section of Veterinary Sciences, Health Sciences Division, Al Ain Men\u2019s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Al Ain 17155, United Arab Emirates"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n Jos\u00e9","family":"Galindo-Cardiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WorldPathol, Calle Ajedrea 20, Nave 22C, Parque Magnus-Pol\u00edgono Empresarium, 50720 Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ayub","family":"Darji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7361-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3867-1988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Sibila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3470-6015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginia","family":"Aragon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"},{"name":"OIE Collaborating Centre for the Research and Control of Emerging and Re-Emerging Swine Diseases in Europe (IRTA-CReSA), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2020.108595","article-title":"Update on Gl\u00e4sser\u2019s disease: How to control the disease under restrictive use of antimicrobials","volume":"242","author":"Maldonado","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009007","article-title":"Differences in phagocytosis susceptibility in Haemophilus parasuis strains","volume":"40","author":"Olvera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-2427(94)90127-9","article-title":"Bacterial immunogens and protective immunity in swine","volume":"43","author":"Wannemuehler","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2016.09.002","article-title":"Haemophilus parasuis vaccines","volume":"180","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9716-43-57","article-title":"VtaA8 and VtaA9 from Haemophilus parasuis delay phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages","volume":"43","author":"Ballester","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-019-0687-2","article-title":"Haemophilus Parasuis VtaA2 is involved in adhesion to extracellular proteins","volume":"50","author":"Aragon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.01.105","article-title":"Immunogenicity and protection against Haemophilus parasuis infection after vaccination with recombinant virulence associated trimeric autotransporters (VtaA)","volume":"29","author":"Olvera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.12.015","article-title":"Identification of a surface epitope specific of virulent strains of Haemophilus parasuis","volume":"198","author":"Aragon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-6226(02)00182-3","article-title":"The acquisition of passive immunity in the new-born Piglet","volume":"78","author":"Rooke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Livest. Prod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12222","article-title":"Effect of age and maternal antibodies on the systemic and mucosal immune response after neonatal immunization in a porcine model","volume":"141","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.04.002","article-title":"Sow vaccination modulates the colonization of piglets by Haemophilus parasuis","volume":"145","author":"Naranjo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"256","article-title":"Vaccination of sows against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae with hyoresp","volume":"112","author":"Schreiber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dtsch. Tierarztl. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mat\u00edas, J., Berzosa, M., Pastor, Y., Irache, J.M., and Gamazo, C. (2017). Maternal vaccination. immunization of sows during pregnancy against ETEC infections. Vaccines, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines5040048"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.12.011","article-title":"Comparison of cytokine profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells between piglets born from porcine circovirus 2 vaccinated and non-vaccinated sows","volume":"214","author":"Sibila","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104972","article-title":"Effects of pre-farrowing sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on offspring colonisation and lung lesions","volume":"184","author":"Arsenakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galofr\u00e9-Mil\u00e0, N., Correa-Fiz, F., Lacouture, S., Gottschalk, M., Strutzberg-Minder, K., Bensaid, A., Pina-Pedrero, S., and Aragon, V. (2017). A Robust PCR for the differentiation of potential virulent strains of Haemophilus parasuis. BMC Vet. Res., 13.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-017-1041-4"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01991-15","article-title":"Development of a multiplex PCR assay for rapid molecular serotyping of Haemophilus parasuis","volume":"53","author":"Howell","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-724-2_22","article-title":"Purification of surfactant protein D (SP-D) from pooled amniotic fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage","volume":"1100","author":"Qaseem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1089\/hyb.1986.5.353","article-title":"Production of monoclonal antibodies to salinomycin","volume":"5","author":"Miller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hybridoma"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"MacPike, S.M. (2009). Veterinary Epidemiologic Research, VER Inc."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/S1466252317000123","article-title":"Historical and contemporary aspects of maternal immunity in swine","volume":"19","author":"Poonsuk","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Health Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000529","article-title":"Airway mucosal immune-suppression in neonates of mothers receiving a (H1N1)Pnd09 vaccination during pregnancy","volume":"34","author":"Bischoff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2009.00913.x","article-title":"A systematic review of the importance of milk TGF-\u03b2 on immunological outcomes in the infant and young child","volume":"21","author":"Oddy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2011.03762.x","article-title":"Milk-derived or recombinant transforming growth factor-beta has effects on immunological outcomes: A review of evidence from animal experimental studies","volume":"41","author":"Oddy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2008.07.007","article-title":"Humoral and cellular factors of maternal immunity in swine","volume":"33","author":"Salmon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, D.N., Jiang, P., Jacobsen, S., Sangild, P.T., Bendixen, E., and Chatterton, D.E.W. (2015). Protective effects of transforming growth factor \u03922 in intestinal epithelial cells by regulation of proteins associated with stress and endotoxin responses. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117608"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, C., Liu, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Yang, F., Zeng, X., Thacke, P.A., Zhang, G., and Qiao, S. (2015). Intestinal microbiota succession and immunomodulatory consequences after introduction of Lactobacillus reuteri I5007 in neonatal piglets. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119505"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wilkinson, J.M., Sargent, C.A., Galina-Pantoja, L., and Tucker, A.W. (2010). Gene expression profiling in the lungs of pigs with different susceptibilities to Gl\u00e4sser\u2019s disease. BMC Genom., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-11-455"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.10.012","article-title":"Haemophilus parasuis modulates cellular invasion via TGF-\u03921 signaling","volume":"196","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2006.099861","article-title":"Prevention of experimental colitis by parenteral administration of a pathogen-derived immunomodulatory molecule","volume":"56","author":"Braat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sorensen, G.L. (2018). Surfactant protein D in respiratory and non-respiratory diseases. Front. Med., 5.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2018.00018"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879500700409","article-title":"Experimental Reproduction of Haemophilus parasuis infection in swine: Clinical, bacteriologic, and morphologic findings","volume":"7","author":"Vahle","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2004.06.011","article-title":"Comparison between Haemophilus parasuis infection in colostrums-deprived and sow-reared piglets","volume":"103","author":"Blanco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/5\/534\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:04:56Z","timestamp":1760162696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/5\/534"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines9050534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9050534","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,20]]}}}