{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,10]],"date-time":"2025-12-10T08:20:05Z","timestamp":1765354805526,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 31700802 and No. 81930122."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 31700802 and No. 81930122."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pertussis is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. Even though its current vaccine coverage is relatively broad, they still have some shortcomings such as short protection time and might be incapable of blocking the spread of the disease. In this study, we developed new pertussis vaccine candidates by separately fusing three pertussis antigens (B. pertussis fimbriae 2 \u201cFim2\u201d, pertussis toxin S1 subunit \u201cPtxS1\u201d, and filamentous hemagglutinin \u201cFHA1877\u20132250\u201d) to each of two immune-boosting carrier proteins (B subunits of AB5 toxin family: cholera toxin B subunit \u201cCTB\u201d and shiga toxin B subunit \u201cStxB\u201d). We then immunized mice with these fusion antigens and found that they significantly increased the serum antibody titers and elicited high bactericidal activity against B. pertussis. After CTB-or StxB-fused antigen-immunized mice were challenged with a non-lethal dose of B. pertussis, the bacterial loads in different tissues of these mice were significantly reduced, and their lung damage was nearly invisible. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that these candidate vaccines could provide strong prophylactic effects against a lethal challenge with B. pertussis. Overall, our candidate vaccines conferred better immune protection to mice compared with pertussis antigen alone. This B5 subunit-based vaccine strategy provides a promising option for vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060542","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1621823563000},"page":"542","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Expression of Bordetella pertussis Antigens Fused to Different Vectors and Their Effectiveness as Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhaolu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kangfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erling","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9975-8978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaihu","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Capital University of Medical Sciences, Nan Lishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100045, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8476-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-019-00308-5","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of pertussis among children in southern China","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. 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