{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:21:42Z","timestamp":1785543702396,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006338","name":"Vlaamse Interuniversitaire Raad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Most countries are currently gravitating towards vaccination as mainstay strategy to quell COVID-19 transmission. Between December 2020 and January 2021, we conducted a follow-up online survey in Somalia to monitor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptability and reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Adherence was measured via a composite adherence score based on four measures (physical distancing, face mask use, hand hygiene, and mouth covering when coughing\/sneezing). We analyzed 4543 responses (mean age: 23.5 \u00b1 6.4 years, 62.4% males). The mean adherence score during this survey was lower than the score during a similar survey in April 2020. A total of 76.8% of respondents were willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Flu-like symptoms were more frequently reported in the current survey compared to previous surveys. Multiple logistic regression showed that participants who experienced flu-like symptoms, those in the healthcare sector, and those with higher adherence scores had higher odds for vaccine acceptability while being a female reduced the willingness to be vaccinated. In conclusion, our data suggest that the decreasing adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures may have caused increased flu-like symptoms over time. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Somalia is relatively high but could be improved by addressing factors that contribute to vaccine hesitancy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1621823563000},"page":"543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Adherence to Preventive Measures in Somalia: Results of an Online Survey"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9176-0835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed A. M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Uganda Heart Institute, Kampala P.O. Box 7051, Uganda"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1919-1340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Colebunders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdi A.","family":"Gele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdiqani A.","family":"Farah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Economics, Puntland State University, Wadajir, Garowe P.O. Box 090, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shariff","family":"Osman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibraahim Abdullahi","family":"Guled","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"},{"name":"Mogadishu Somali-Turkey Training and Research Hospital, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aweis Ahmed Moalim","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Mohamud","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdiaziz Mohamed","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Mogadishu University, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"},{"name":"De Martino Hospital, Hamar Jajab, Mogadishu P.O. Box 004, Somalia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3544-1239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph Nelson","family":"Siewe Fodjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium"},{"name":"Brain Research Africa Initiative (BRAIN), Yaound\u00e9 P.O. Box 25625, Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2020.100012","article-title":"Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Implications for public health communications","volume":"1","author":"Paul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. Health Eur."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jain, S., Batra, H., Yadav, P., and Chand, S. (2020). COVID-19 Vaccines Currently under Preclinical and Clinical Studies, and Associated Antiviral Immune Response. Vaccines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines8040649"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2021). COVID-19 vaccines: Acting on the evidence. Nat. 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