{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]],"date-time":"2025-12-23T12:30:47Z","timestamp":1766493047663,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety","award":["[18172MFDS253] and [20172MFDS282]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[18172MFDS253] and [20172MFDS282]"]}]},{"name":"National Research Foundation of Korea grants","award":["NRF-2017M2A2A6A02020925, NRF-2018K2A206023828, and NRF-2020M2A206023828"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017M2A2A6A02020925, NRF-2018K2A206023828, and NRF-2020M2A206023828"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis and meningitis in infants. Limitations of prenatal GBS screening and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis render developing GBS vaccines a high priority. In this study, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the practical and large-scale evaluation of GBS capsular polysaccharide (PS) vaccine immunogenicity against three main serotypes, Ia, III, and V. GBS-ELISA was developed and subsequently validated using a standardized curve-fitting four-parameter logistic method. Specificity was measured using adsorption of serum with homologous and heterologous PS. Homologous adsorption showed a \u226575% inhibition of all three serotypes, whereas with heterologous PS, IgG GBS-ELISA inhibited only \u226425% of serotypes III and V. However, with serotype Ia, IgG antibody levels decreased by &gt;50%, even after adsorption with heterologous PS (III or V). In comparison, the inhibition opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) of serotypes Ia GBS exhibited a reduction in opsonophagocytic activity of only 20% and 1.1% for serotypes III and V GBS, respectively. The precision of the GBS-ELISA was assessed in five independent experiments using four serum samples. The coefficient of variation was &lt;5% for all three serotypes. This standardized GBS-ELISA would be useful for GBS vaccine development and its evaluation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1621823563000},"page":"545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Development and Validation of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Group B Streptococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4050-2107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A-Yeung","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min-Joo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Incheon 22711, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyun-Jung","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI and BK21 Plus Program, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Yun","family":"Noh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3283-1880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Gu","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Jin","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4546-3880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo-Joo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7103-1344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ho-Seong","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Division for Radiation Science, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0148-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon-Young","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30451-5","article-title":"Group B Streptococcus Vaccines: One Step Further","volume":"21","author":"Berner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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