{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:16:40Z","timestamp":1792790200643,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]],"date-time":"2021-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alpine Arc regional grant","award":["01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vaccination programs against COVID-19 are being scaled up. We aimed to assess the effects of vaccine characteristics on vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers in a multi-center survey conducted within French healthcare facilities from 1 December 2020 to 26 March 2021. We invited any healthcare workers na\u00efve of COVID-19 vaccination to complete an online self-questionnaire. They reported on their socio-demographic characteristics, as well as their perception and beliefs towards vaccination. We measured their willingness to get vaccinated in eight scenarios for candidates\u2019 vaccines presented sequentially (1 to 4-point scale). Candidates\u2019 vaccines varied for efficacy (25%, 50%, 100%), length of immunization (1 year or lifetime), frequency (&lt;1\/100, &lt;1\/10,000), and severity (none, moderate, severe) of adverse events. We analyzed 4349 healthcare workers\u2019 responses with interpretable questionnaires. The crude willingness to get vaccinated was 53.2% and increased over time. We clustered the trajectories of responses using an unsupervised classification algorithm (k-means) and identified four groups of healthcare workers: those willing to get vaccinated in any scenario (18%), those not willing to get vaccinated at all (22%), and those hesitating but more likely to accept (32%) or reject (28%) the vaccination depending on the scenario. In these last two subgroups, vaccine acceptance was growing with age, educational background and was higher among men with condition. Compared to an ideal vaccine candidate, a 50% reduced efficacy resulted in an average drop in acceptance by 0.8 (SD \u00b1 0.8, \u221223.5%), while it was ranging from 1.4 (SD \u00b1 1.0, \u221238.4%) to 2.1 (SD \u00b1 1.0, \u221258.4%) in case of severe but rare adverse event. The acceptance of a mandatory immunization program was 29.6% overall and was positively correlated to the willingness to get vaccinated, ranging from 2.4% to 60.0%. Even if healthcare workers represent a heterogeneous population, most (80%) could accept the vaccination against COVID-19. Their willingness to get the vaccine increased over time and as immunization programs became available. Among hesitant professionals, the fear of adverse events was the main concern. Targeted information campaigns reassuring about adverse events may increase vaccine coverage, in a population with a strong opinion about mandatory immunization programs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1621823563000},"page":"547","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Hesitancy towards COVID-19 Vaccination among Healthcare Workers: A Multi-Centric Survey in France"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Janssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Infectious Diseases Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7165-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Maillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5524-6572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Bodelet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Inter-universitaire de Psychologie (LIP-PC2S), Universit\u00e9 Grenoble, Alpes 1251 Avenue Centrale, 38400 Saint-Martin-d\u2019H\u00e8res, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Claudel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Gaillat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Delory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre Hospitalier Annecy Genevois, Clinical Research Unit, F-74374 Annecy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the ACV Alpin Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32318-7","article-title":"Challenges in Creating Herd Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Mass Vaccination","volume":"396","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m3582","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m3582","article-title":"Risk of Hospital Admission with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Healthcare Workers and Their Households: Nationwide Linkage Cohort Study","volume":"371","author":"Shah","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.06.028","article-title":"Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Positivity and Seroprevalence among High-Risk Healthcare Workers and Hospital Staff","volume":"106","author":"Martin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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