{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T02:58:42Z","timestamp":1780455522522,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic, there was no doubt that vaccination is the ideal protocol to tackle it. Within a year, a few COVID-19 vaccines have been developed and authorized. This unparalleled initiative in developing vaccines created many uncertainties looming around the efficacy and safety of these vaccines. This study aimed to assess the side effects and perceptions following COVID-19 vaccination in Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by distributing an online survey targeted toward Jordan inhabitants who received any COVID-19 vaccines. Data were statistically analyzed and certain machine learning (ML) tools, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), and K-star were used to predict the severity of side effects. Results: A total of 2213 participants were involved in the study after receiving Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech, and other vaccines (38.2%, 31%, 27.3%, and 3.5%, respectively). Generally, most of the post-vaccination side effects were common and non-life-threatening (e.g., fatigue, chills, dizziness, fever, headache, joint pain, and myalgia). Only 10% of participants suffered from severe side effects; while 39% and 21% of participants had moderate and mild side effects, respectively. Despite the substantial variations between these vaccines in the presence and severity of side effects, the statistical analysis indicated that these vaccines might provide the same protection against COVID-19 infection. Finally, around 52.9% of participants suffered before vaccination from vaccine hesitancy and anxiety; while after vaccination, 95.5% of participants have advised others to get vaccinated, 80% felt more reassured, and 67% believed that COVID-19 vaccines are safe in the long term. Furthermore, based on the type of vaccine, demographic data, and side effects, the RF, XGBoost, and MLP gave both high accuracies (0.80, 0.79, and 0.70, respectively) and Cohen\u2019s kappa values (0.71, 0.70, and 0.56, respectively). Conclusions: The present study confirmed that the authorized COVID-19 vaccines are safe and getting vaccinated makes people more reassured. Most of the post-vaccination side effects are mild to moderate, which are signs that body\u2019s immune system is building protection. ML can also be used to predict the severity of side effects based on the input data; predicted severe cases may require more medical attention or even hospitalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060556","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T21:56:44Z","timestamp":1622066204000},"page":"556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":175,"title":["Side Effects and Perceptions Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Jordan: A Randomized, Cross-Sectional Study Implementing Machine Learning for Predicting Severity of Side Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1745-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u2019mon M.","family":"Hatmal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8249-9519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad A. I.","family":"Al-Hatamleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-5440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amin N.","family":"Olaimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malik","family":"Hatmal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Prince Hamza Hospital, Amman 11947, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6079-483X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dina M.","family":"Alhaj-Qasem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precision Medical Laboratory, Amman 11954, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamadur M.","family":"Olaimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa 13132, Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2465-6421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohimah","family":"Mohamud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatmal, M.M., Alshaer, W., Al-Hatamleh, M.A.I., Hatmal, M., Smadi, O., Taha, M.O., Oweida, A.J., Boer, J.C., Mohamud, R., and Plebanski, M. (2020). Comprehensive Structural and Molecular Comparison of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and Their Interactions with ACE2. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9122638"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.173930","article-title":"COVID-19 infection and nanomedicine applications for development of vaccines and therapeutics: An overview and future perspectives based on polymersomes","volume":"896","author":"Hatmal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Hatamleh, M.A.I., Hatmal, M.M., Sattar, K., Ahmad, S., Mustafa, M.Z., Bittencourt, M.D.C., and Mohamud, R. (2020). Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytochemicals from Honey against COVID-19: Potential Mechanisms of Action and Future Directions. Molecules, 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25215017"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"3","article-title":"Awareness of the side effects of vaccination among general public","volume":"14","author":"Swetha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Invention Today"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2020.178","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccine: Critical Questions with Complicated Answers","volume":"29","author":"Haidere","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12522","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.0c07197","article-title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Frontrunners and Their Nanotechnology Design","volume":"14","author":"Chung","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-020-01002-6","article-title":"Assessing the Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Primer","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2021, April 19). Milken Institute\u2019s COVID-19 Treatment and Vaccine Tracker. Available online: https:\/\/covid-19tracker.milkeninstitute.org\/#vaccines_intro."},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"(2021, April 17). COVID-19 Statistical Report, Available online: https:\/\/corona.moh.gov.jo\/ar."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"(2021, April 17). Jordan Reports Highest Daily Tally of COVID-19 Cases. Available online: https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/health-coronavirus-jordan-idUSL1N2LD1JZ."},{"key":"ref_11","unstructured":"(2021, April 25). The Lightning-Fast Quest for COVID Vaccines\u2014And What It Means for Other Diseases. Available online: https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-020-03626-1."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"(2021, April 24). Episode #24\u2014Vaccine Myths vs. Science. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/diseases\/novel-coronavirus-2019\/media-resources\/science-in-5\/episode-24---vaccine-myths-vs-science."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2451","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S284385","article-title":"Public Willingness to Participate in COVID-19 Vaccine Clinical Trials: A Study from Jordan","volume":"14","author":"Alzoubi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sallam, M., Dababseh, D., Eid, H., Al-Mahzoum, K., Al-Haidar, A., Taim, D., Yaseen, A., Ababneh, N.A., Bakri, F.G., and Mahafzah, A. (2021). High Rates of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Association with Conspiracy Beliefs: A Study in Jordan and Kuwait among Other Arab Countries. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9010042"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.11.003","article-title":"Predicting and understanding the response to short-term intensive insulin therapy in people with early type 2 diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Retnakaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.100976","article-title":"Cross-omics analysis revealed gut microbiome-related metabolic pathways underlying atherosclerosis development after antibiotics treatment","volume":"36","author":"Kappel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2015.2482520","article-title":"Unsupervised Spectral\u2013Spatial Feature Learning With Stacked Sparse Autoencoder for Hyperspectral Imagery Classification","volume":"12","author":"Tao","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Sangaiah, A.K., Sheng, M., and Zhang, Z. (2018). Computational Intelligence in Smart Grid Environment. Computational Intelligence for Multimedia Big Data on the Cloud with Engineering Applications, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64185-0_28","article-title":"A Novel Image Classification Method with CNN-XGBoost Model","volume":"Volume 10431","author":"Kraetzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digital Forensics and Watermarking"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Babajide Mustapha, I., and Saeed, F. (2016). Bioactive Molecule Prediction Using Extreme Gradient Boosting. Molecules, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules21080983"},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Riedmiller, M., and Braun, H. (April, January 28). A direct adaptive method for faster backpropagation learning: The RPROP algorithm. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2016.22.1.30","article-title":"Intelligence System for Diagnosis Level of Coronary Heart Disease with K-Star Algorithm","volume":"22","author":"Wiharto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Inform. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hatmal, M.M., Abderrahman, S.M., Nimer, W., Al-Eisawi, Z., Al-Ameer, H.J., Al-Hatamleh, M.A.I., Mohamud, R., and Alshaer, W. (2020). Artificial Neural Networks Model for Predicting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on VDR Gene FokI Polymorphism, Lipid Profile and Demographic Data. Biology, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology9080222"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031","article-title":"Interrater reliability: The kappa statistic","volume":"22","author":"McHugh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Med."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shekhar, R., Sheikh, A.B., Upadhyay, S., Singh, M., Kottewar, S., Mir, H., Barrett, E., and Pal, S. (2021). COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Health Care Workers in the United States. Vaccines, 9.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.01.03.21249184"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.03.069","article-title":"An Asia-Pacific study on healthcare workers\u2019 perceptions of, and willingness to receive, the COVID-19 vaccination","volume":"106","author":"Chew","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Riad, A., Pokorn\u00e1, A., Attia, S., Klugarov\u00e1, J., Ko\u0161\u010d\u00edk, M., and Klugar, M. (2021). Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. J. Clin. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10071428"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kadali, R.A.K., Janagama, R., Peruru, S., Gajula, V., Madathala, R.R., Chennaiahgari, N., and Malayala, S.V. (2021). Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine: A randomized, cross-sectional study on healthcare workers with detailed self-reported symptoms. J. Med. Virol.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26996"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.04.047","article-title":"Side effects of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: A randomized, cross-sectional study with detailed self-reported symptoms from healthcare workers","volume":"106","author":"Kadali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayadevan, R., Shenoy, R., and Anithadevi, T. (2021). Survey of symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination in India. medRxiv.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.02.08.21251366"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S310497","article-title":"Minor to Moderate Side Effects of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine Among Saudi Residents: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"Harakeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Gen. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapin-Bardales, J., Gee, J., and Myers, T. (2021). Reactogenicity Following Receipt of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. JAMA.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.5374"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menni, C., Klaser, K., May, A., Polidori, L., Capdevila, J., Louca, P., Sudre, C.H., Nguyen, L.H., Drew, D.A., and Merino, J. (2021). Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: A prospective observational study. Lancet Infect. Dis.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00224-3"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"(2021, April 25). Possible Side Effects After Getting a COVID-19 Vaccine, Available online: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/vaccines\/expect\/after.html."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-021-00512-4","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccines: Rapid development, implications, challenges and future prospects","volume":"34","author":"Kashte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hum. Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31604-4","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A preliminary report of a phase 1\/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"396","author":"Folegatti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2027906","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates","volume":"383","author":"Walsh","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.118919","article-title":"DNA vaccines against COVID-19: Perspectives and challenges","volume":"267","author":"Silveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30831-8","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1\/2 trial","volume":"21","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2608-y","article-title":"ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine prevents SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in rhesus macaques","volume":"586","author":"Lambe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.008","article-title":"Development of an Inactivated Vaccine Candidate, BBIBP-CorV, with Potent Protection against SARS-CoV-2","volume":"182","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n699","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n699","article-title":"Covid-19: European countries suspend use of Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine after reports of blood clots","volume":"372","author":"Wise","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"(2021, April 28). AstraZeneca\u2019s COVID-19 Vaccine: EMA Finds Possible Link to Very Rare Cases of Unusual Blood Clots with Low Blood Platelets. Available online: https:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/en\/news\/astrazenecas-covid-19-vaccine-ema-finds-possible-link-very-rare-cases-unusual-blood-clots-low-blood."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s11739-021-02685-0","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurring shortly after the second dose of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine","volume":"16","author":"Carli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern. Emerg. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1007\/s42399-020-00521-8","article-title":"Immune Thrombocytopenia Secondary to COVID-19: A Systematic Review","volume":"2","author":"Bhattacharjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"SN Compr. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000512007","article-title":"The Impact of COVID-19 Disease on Platelets and Coagulation","volume":"88","author":"Wool","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathobiology"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.2174\/1566523213666131125095046","article-title":"Adenovirus vectors for gene therapy, vaccination and cancer gene therapy","volume":"13","author":"Wold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Gene. Ther."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-032524","article-title":"Adenovirus-induced thrombocytopenia: The role of von Willebrand factor and P-selectin in mediating accelerated platelet clearance","volume":"109","author":"Othman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"(2021, April 25). WHO Issues Its First Emergency Use Validation for a COVID-19 Vaccine and Emphasizes Need for Equitable Global Access. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\/item\/31-12-2020-who-issues-its-first-emergency-use-validation-for-a-covid-19-vaccine-and-emphasizes-need-for-equitable-global-access."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00448-7","article-title":"Early rate reductions of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in BNT162b2 vaccine recipients","volume":"397","author":"Amit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi, R., Alqahtani, S.S., Albarraq, A.A., Meraya, A.M., Tripathi, P., Banji, D., Alshahrani, S., Ahsan, W., and Alnakhli, F.M. (2020). Awareness and Preparedness of COVID-19 Outbreak Among Healthcare Workers and Other Residents of South-West Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. Front. Public Health.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00482"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","article-title":"The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data","volume":"33","author":"Landis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fleiss, J.L., Levin, B., and Paik, M.C. (2003). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. [3rd ed.].","DOI":"10.1002\/0471445428"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.9790\/0661-155107112","article-title":"Intrusion detection system based on K-star classifier and feature set reduction","volume":"15","author":"Mahmood","year":"2013","journal-title":"IOSR J. Comput. Eng."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.4997\/JRCPE.2013.415","article-title":"Predicting and preventing avoidable hospital admissions: A review","volume":"43","author":"Purdey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. R. Coll. Physicians Edinb."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Wu, L., Yu, X., Zhao, F., Russell, A., Song, M., and Wang, W. (2013). The expected number of background disease events during mass immunization in China. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071818"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2010.08.019","article-title":"Awareness of the background rate of sudden cardiac death during mass immunization with pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines increases the intended vaccination rate","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prev. Med."}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/6\/556\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:08:11Z","timestamp":1760162891000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/6\/556"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines9060556"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9060556","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]}}}