{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:13:52Z","timestamp":1787030032847,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing, lockdowns and the massive use of masks, have not only largely prevented the spread of SARS-CoV-2, but also of other respiratory viruses such as influenza or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This decrease has been so high that, in most countries, the influenza and RSV epidemic has not occurred. Far from being a beneficial fact, this can be problematic, since the absence of circulation of certain pathogens can lead to a decrease in herd immunity against them. This can promote the rise of more serious, longer-lasting epidemics that start sooner. To alleviate the collateral effects that may occur due to the decrease in circulation of viruses such as influenza, it is necessary to increase the production of influenza vaccines, carry out mass vaccination campaigns and focus on vaccinating the main drivers of this virus, children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060595","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T21:03:32Z","timestamp":1622754212000},"page":"595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Social Distancing, Lockdown and the Wide Use of Mask; A Magic Solution or a Double-Edged Sword for Respiratory Viruses Epidemiology?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4725-6663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan","family":"Sanz-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5548-2594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Tamames-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n General de Salud P\u00fablica, Consejer\u00eda de Sanidad, Junta de Castilla y Le\u00f3n, 47001 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Castrodeza-Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Preventive Medicine and Public Health Unit, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Mar\u00eda","family":"Eiros-Bouza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain"},{"name":"Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario R\u00edo Hortega, 47012 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4117-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raul Ortiz","family":"de Lejarazu-Leonardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Influenza Centre, Edificio Rondilla, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario de Valladolid, 47009 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.10.066","article-title":"Effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 transmission in 190 countries from 23 January to 13 April 2020","volume":"102","author":"Bo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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