{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:04:27Z","timestamp":1760234667130,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["xx"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["xx"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections can have serious consequences during the period of aplasia and lymphopenia following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Large pediatric cohort studies examining the effect of antiviral prophylaxis against these viruses are scarce. The present study aimed to analyse the potential effect of antiviral prophylaxis (acyclovir and famciclovir) on active post-transplant EBV and CMV infection in a pediatric cohort of allogeneic HSCT recipients. Methods: We used data from the TREASuRE cohort, consisting of 156 patients who had a first allogeneic HSCT, enrolled in four pediatric centers in Canada between July 2013 and March 2017. Follow-up was performed from the time of transplant up to 100 days post-transplant. Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between antiviral prophylaxis with acyclovir and\/or famciclovir and EBV and CMV DNAemia was estimated using multivariate Cox regression models. Results: The post-transplant cumulative incidence of EBV and CMV DNAemia at 100 days of follow-up were, respectively, 34.5% (95% CI: 27.6\u201342.6) and 19.9% (95% CI: 14.5\u201327.1). For acyclovir, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for CMV and EBV DNAemia was 0.55 (95% CI: 0.24\u20131.26) and 1.41 (95% CI: 0.63\u20133.14), respectively. For famciclovir, the adjusted HR were 0.82 (95% CI: 0.30\u20132.29) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.36\u20131.72) for CMV and EBV DNAemia, respectively. Conclusion: The antivirals famciclovir and acyclovir did not reduce the risk of post-transplant CMV and EBV DNAemia among HSCT recipients in our pediatric population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T22:23:00Z","timestamp":1623104580000},"page":"610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Association between Antiviral Prophylaxis and Cytomegalovirus and Epstein\u2013Barr Virus DNAemia in Pediatric Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ndeye Soukeyna","family":"Diop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9552-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal Roland","family":"Enok Bonong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Buteau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Lacroix","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Laporte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Tucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Intensive Care Medicine, CHU Sainte-Justine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Robitaille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, and Medical Affairs, Transfusion Medicine, H\u00e9ma-Qu\u00e9bec, Ville Saint-Laurent, QC H4R 2W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip C.","family":"Spinella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Cuvelier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suzanne M","family":"Vercauteren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Children\u2019s Hospital, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Department of Oncology, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T3B 6A8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Alfieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-7837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Trottier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705140","article-title":"Cause of death after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in early leukaemias: An EBMT analysis of lethal infectious complications and changes over calendar time","volume":"36","author":"Gratwohl","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0339","article-title":"Transplant-related mortality and long-term graft function are significantly influenced by cell dose in patients undergoing allogeneic marrow transplantation","volume":"100","author":"Dominietto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"13","article-title":"Results of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia 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