{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:31:40Z","timestamp":1772253100598,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]],"date-time":"2021-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study is to explore risk factors for in-hospital mortality and describe the effectiveness of different treatment strategies of 205 laboratory-confirmed cases infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the Lombardy outbreak. All patients received the best supportive care and specific interventions that included the main drugs being tested for repurposing to treat COVID-19, such as hydroxychloroquine, anticoagulation and antiviral drugs, steroids, and interleukin-6 pathway inhibitors. Clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics were analyzed with univariate and multivariate logistic regression methods to explore their impact on in-hospital mortality. Univariate analyses showed prognostic significance for age greater than 70 years, the presence of two or more relevant comorbidities, a P\/F ratio less than 200 at presentation, elevated LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CRP (C-reactive protein) values, intermediate- or therapeutic-dose anticoagulation, hydroxychloroquine, early antiviral therapy with lopinavir\/ritonavir, short courses of steroids, and tocilizumab therapy. Multivariable regression confirmed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with age older than 70 years (OR 3.26) and a reduction in mortality for patients treated with anticoagulant (\u22120.37), antiviral lopinavir\/ritonavir (\u22121.22), or steroid (\u22120.59) therapy. In contrast, hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab have not been confirmed to have a significant effect in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Results from this real-life single-center experience are in agreement and confirm actual literature data on SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in terms of both clinical risk factors for in-hospital mortality and the effectiveness of the different therapies proposed for the management of COVID19 disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9060640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T22:26:01Z","timestamp":1623709561000},"page":"640","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Course and Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality of 205 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Como, Lombardy Region, Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Turrini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Gardellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Livia","family":"Beretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Risk Management, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Buzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quality Management System, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ferrario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mother and Child, Division of Paediatric and Neonatology, Infectious Diseases Consultant, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Clerici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Colzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Liparulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Scognamiglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianni","family":"Imperiali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Corrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonello","family":"Strada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Galletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nunzio","family":"Castiglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Health Management, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Zanon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Health Management, Valduce Hospital, 22100 Como, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat 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