{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T04:13:47Z","timestamp":1767845627029,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diabetic patients are at higher risk of developing infectious diseases and severe complications, compared to the general population. Almost no data is available in the literature on influenza immunization in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). As part of a broader project on immunization in diabetic patients, we conducted a cross-sectional study to: (i) report on seasonal influenza coverage rates in T1DM patients, (ii) explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) towards seasonal influenza in this population, and (iii) identify factors associated with vaccine uptake, including the role of family doctors and diabetologists. A survey was administered to 251 T1DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic at San Raffaele Research Hospital in Milan, Italy and individual-level coverage data were retrieved from immunization registries. Self-reported seasonal influenza immunization coverage was 36%, which decreased to 21.7% when considering regional immunization registries, far below coverage target of 75%. More than a third (36.2%) of T1DM patients were classified as pro-vaccine, 30.7% as hesitant, 17.9% as uninformed, and 15.1% as anti-vaccine. Diabetologists resulted to be the most trusted source of information on vaccines\u2019 benefits and risks (85.3%) and should be more actively involved in preventive interventions. Our study highlights the importance of developing tailored vaccination campaigns for people with diabetes, including hospital-based programs involving diabetes specialists.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9070707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T22:39:43Z","timestamp":1625006383000},"page":"707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Type 1 Diabetes Patients\u2019 Practice, Knowledge and Attitudes towards Influenza Immunization"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Dallagiacoma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agnese","family":"Allora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Cocciolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Capraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Health Protection of Metropolitan Area of Milan (ATS), 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Senatore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Health Protection of Metropolitan Area of Milan (ATS), 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2375-7287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"Gentile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3848-981X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vincenza","family":"Gianfredi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Laurenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Molinari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1153-6700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amelia","family":"Caretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marino","family":"Faccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency for Health Protection of Metropolitan Area of Milan (ATS), 20121 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0960-9563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Signorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Scavini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Research Institute, San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5657-9774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Odone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, May 10). 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