{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T04:26:57Z","timestamp":1781756817501,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]],"date-time":"2021-07-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014475","name":"Pfizer Health Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TP1712042"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TP1712042"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014475","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The epidemiology of hospitalised pneumococcal disease in adults following the introduction of universal childhood pneumococcal immunisation in 2009 was assessed. Culture-confirmed Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) from adults hospitalised between 2009 to 2017 were examined. The cases were categorised into invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumonia (bacteraemic, non-bacteraemic, and that associated with other lung conditions). The isolates were serotyped and antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined by microbroth dilution. Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes were analysed. Seven hundred and seventy-four patients (mean age, 67.7 years, SD \u00b1 15.6) were identified, and IPD was diagnosed in 110 (14.2%). The most prevalent serotype, 19F, was replaced by serotype 3 over time. Penicillin and cefotaxime non-susceptibilities were high at 54.1% and 39.5% (meningitis breakpoints), 19.9% and 25.5% (non-meningitis breakpoints), respectively. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 7.8% and 20.4% for IPD. Age \u2265 75 years (OR:4.6, CI:1.3\u201317.0, p &lt; 0.02), presence of any complications (OR:4.1, CI:1.02\u201316.3, p\u00a0&lt; 0.05), pleural effusion (OR:6.7, CI:1.2\u201339.4, p\u00a0&lt; 0.03) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (OR:9.0, CI:1.3\u201363.4, p\u00a0&lt; 0.03) were independent predictors of 30-day mortality. Pneumococcal disease by PCV 13 covered serotypes; in particular, 19F and 3 are still prominent in adults. Strengthening targeted adult vaccination may be necessary in order to reduce disease burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9070756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T04:32:49Z","timestamp":1625718769000},"page":"756","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Persistence of Pneumococcal Serotype 3 in Adult Pneumococcal Disease in Hong Kong"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Reema","family":"Subramanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veranja","family":"Liyanapathirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7007-5433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilakshi","family":"Barua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"},{"name":"The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maggie Haitian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical Research and Biostatistics, Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2521-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edmund A. S.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S.","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1291-6537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margaret","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centre for Health Protection, Department of Health Hong Kong (2021, June 03). 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