{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T01:01:19Z","timestamp":1772758879136,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]],"date-time":"2021-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccines are highly effective in preventing TBE and vaccine failures (VF) are rare events. In this study, we compared the age distribution of TBE cases and TBE VF in three endemic countries: Sweden, Southern Germany, and Latvia. While the age distribution of TBE cases was similar for those &lt;50 years versus those \u226550 years in all three countries, in Sweden, a higher proportion of VF cases was \u226550 years, whereas most VF cases in Latvia were &lt;50 years of age and more evenly distributed between those &lt;50 years versus those \u226550 in Southern Germany. Here, theoretical explanations were provided, including differences in diagnostic practices, vaccine uptake between age groups, behavioral patterns and underlying medical conditions, as to why VF were generally older in Sweden than the other countries. There is no scientific rationale to give an extra priming dose of TBE vaccine to subjects \u226550 years of age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9080932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,22]],"date-time":"2021-08-22T23:00:09Z","timestamp":1629673209000},"page":"932","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["TBE Vaccination Breakthrough Cases\u2014Does Age Matter?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Heinz-J.","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerhard","family":"Dobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology and Rickettsiology, German National TBE Consiliary Laboratory, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, 85748 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dace","family":"Zavadska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zane","family":"Freimane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Children\u2019s Clinical University Hospital, Riga Stradi\u0146\u0161 University, LV-1007 Riga, Latvia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Fousteris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wilhelm","family":"Erber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Medical, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, 1210 Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Jodar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Palmborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Development and Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Vaccines, 19138 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Dobler, G., Erber, W., Br\u00f6ker, M., and Schmitt, H.J. 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Borne Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4962","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.030","article-title":"Tick borne encephalitis (TBE)-vaccination coverage and analysis of variables associated with vaccination, Sweden","volume":"33","author":"Askling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"FSME-IMMUN (2021, July 08). Summary of Products Characteristics. Available online: https:\/\/mri.cts-mrp.eu\/human\/downloads\/AT_H_0126_002_FinalSPC.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Wanke, K.H.L., Mekker, A., Steffen, R., Stiasny, K., Heinz, F.X., Unger, B., and Karrer, U. (April, January 31). Immunogenicity and safety of tick borne encephalitis vaccination in healthy elderly individuals. 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A prospective non-interventional study","volume":"32","author":"Schosser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1901.120458","article-title":"Vaccination and tick-borne encephalitis, central Europe","volume":"19","author":"Heinz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect. Dis"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7825","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2020.10.022","article-title":"Analysis of Tick-borne Encephalitis vaccination coverage and compliance in adults in Switzerland, 2018","volume":"38","author":"Baroutsou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vaccine"}],"container-title":["Vaccines"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/8\/932\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:48:54Z","timestamp":1760165334000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-393X\/9\/8\/932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["vaccines9080932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines9080932","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-393X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-393X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,21]]}}}