{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T07:36:35Z","timestamp":1790753795248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Despite the availability of an effective prophylactic vaccine for more than 30 years, nearly 300 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), leading to 1 death every 30 s mainly from viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis and liver cancer. Chronic HBV patients exhibit weak, transient, or dysfunctional CD8+ T-cell responses to HBV, which contrasts with high CD8+ T-cell responses seen for resolvers of acute HBV infection. Therefore, a therapeutic DNA vaccine was designed, expressing both HBV core and polymerase proteins, and was sequence optimized to ensure high protein expression and secretion. Although the vaccine, administered intramuscularly via electroporation, had no effect on plasma viral parameters in a mouse model of persistent HBV infection, it did induce robust HBV-specific immune responses in healthy and adeno-associated hepatitis B virus (AAV-HBV) infected mice as well as in healthy non-human primates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9090969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:58:15Z","timestamp":1630450695000},"page":"969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Therapeutic Hepatitis B Virus DNA Vaccine Induces Specific Immune Responses in Mice and Non-Human Primates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dorien","family":"De Pooter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Infectious Diseases, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Van Gulck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Infectious Diseases, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Infectious Diseases, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire F.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ichor Medical Systems Inc., 6310 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 107, San Diego, CA 92121, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Neefs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turn-houtseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Infectious Diseases, Janssen Research and Development, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Boden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Janssen Infectious Diseases, Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, 260 E. Grand Avenue, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicolini, L.A., Orsi, A., Tatarelli, P., Viscoli, C., Icardi, G., and Sticchi, L. (2019). A Global View to HBV Chronic Infection: Evolving Strategies for Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention in Immunocompetent Individuals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16183307"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2020, September 01). World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. 27 July 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-b."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2016.1276125","article-title":"Research progress of therapeutic vaccines for treating chron-ic hepatitis B","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. 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