{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:28:22Z","timestamp":1760236102975,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634688000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Division of Science and Research, WV Higher Education Policy Commission","award":["HEPC.dsr.18.6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEPC.dsr.18.6"]}]},{"name":"The US Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA","award":["CB10207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CB10207"]}]},{"name":"Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Action BactiVax - Anti-Bacterial Innovative Vaccines","award":["GA 860325"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA 860325"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["S10OD016165"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["S10OD016165"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30GM121322 (TME CoBRE)","P20GM103434 (INBRE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30GM121322 (TME CoBRE)","P20GM103434 (INBRE)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Burkholderia pseudomallei is an infectious bacterium of clinical and biodefense concern, and is the causative agent of melioidosis. The mortality rate can reach up to 50% and affects 165,000 people per year; however, there is currently no vaccine available. In this study, we examine the antigen-specific immune response to a vaccine formulated with antigens derived from an outer membrane protein in B. pseudomallei, Bucl8. Here, we employed a number of bioinformatic tools to predict Bucl8-derived epitopes that are non-allergenic and non-toxic, but would elicit an immune response. From these data, we formulated a vaccine based on two extracellular components of Bucl8, the \u03b2-barrel loops and extended collagen and non-collagen domains. Outbred CD-1 mice were immunized with vaccine formulations\u2014composed of recombinant proteins or conjugated synthetic peptides with adjuvant\u2014to assess the antigen-specific immune responses in mouse sera and lymphoid organs. We found that mice vaccinated with either Bucl8-derived components generated a robust TH2-skewed antibody response when antigen was combined with the adjuvant AddaVax, while the TH1 response was limited. Mice immunized with synthetic loop peptides had a stronger, more consistent antibody response than recombinant protein antigens, based on higher IgG titers and recognition of bacteria. We then compared peptide-based vaccines in an established C57BL\/6 inbred mouse model and observed a similar TH2-skewed response. The resulting formulations will be applied in future studies examining the protection of Bucl8-derived vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]],"date-time":"2021-10-20T22:07:04Z","timestamp":1634767624000},"page":"1219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Predictive and Experimental Immunogenicity of Burkholderia Collagen-like Protein 8-Derived Antigens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4103-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan E.","family":"Grund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eliza","family":"Kramarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soo Jeon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dudley H.","family":"McNitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Klimko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel O.","family":"Rill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Dankmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Shoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Fetterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zander M.","family":"Hedrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergei S.","family":"Biryukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Berisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80134 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5159-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Slawomir","family":"Lukomski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15008","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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