{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T04:30:29Z","timestamp":1772253029331,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Robust assay development for SARS-CoV-2 serological testing requires assessment of asymptomatic and non-hospitalised individuals to determine if assays are sensitive to mild antibody responses. Our study evaluated the performance characteristics of two high-throughput SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid assays (Abbott Architect and Roche) and The Binding Site (TBS) Anti-Spike IgG\/A\/M ELISA kit in samples from healthcare workers (HCWs). The 252 samples were collected from multi-site NHS trusts and analysed for SARS-CoV-2 serology. Assay performance was evaluated between these three platforms and ROC curves were used to redefine the Abbott threshold. Concordance between Abbott and TBS was 66%. Any discrepant results were analysed using Roche, which showed 100% concordance with TBS. Analysis conducted in HCWs within 58 days post-PCR result demonstrated 100% sensitivity for both Abbott and Roche. Longitudinal analysis for &gt;100 days post-PCR led to sensitivity of 77.2% and 100% for Abbott and Roche, respectively. A redefined Abbott threshold (0.64) increased sensitivity to 90%, producing results comparable to TBS and Roche. The manufacturer\u2019s threshold set by Abbott contributes to lower sensitivity and elevated false-negative occurrences. Abbott performance improved upon re-optimisation of the cut-off threshold. Our findings provided evidence that TBS can be used as bespoke alternative for SARS-CoV-2 serology analysis where high-throughput platforms are not feasible on site.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9111310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T23:07:21Z","timestamp":1636672041000},"page":"1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antibody Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Infection\u2014Comparative Determination of Seroprevalence in Two High-Throughput Assays versus a Sensitive Spike Protein ELISA"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Mohanraj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Bicknell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, Portsmouth Hospital University NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Malini","family":"Bhole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, The Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust and Black Country Pathology Service (BCPS), West Midlands DY1 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5253-5881","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline","family":"Webber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Black Country Pathology Service (BCPS), West Midlands DY1 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorna","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology, Black Country Pathology Service (BCPS), West Midlands DY1 2HQ, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4896-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison","family":"Whitelegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Sciences, Portsmouth Hospital University NHS Trust, Portsmouth PO6 3LY, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Centre for Systems and Science Engineering at John Hopkins University (2021, July 03). COVID-19 Dashboard. Available online: https:\/\/coronavirus.jhu.edu\/map.html."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.8259","article-title":"Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"323","author":"Sethuraman","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adams, E.R., Ainsworth, M., Anand, R., Andersson, M.I., Auckland, K., Baillie, J.K., Barnes, E., Beer, S., Bell, J.I., and Berry, T. (2020). Antibody testing for COVID-19: A report from the National COVID Scientific Advisory Panel. Wellcome Open Res., 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15927.1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2032195","article-title":"Durability of Responses after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 Vaccination","volume":"384","author":"Widge","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Abbott (2021, February 08). 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