{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T02:08:53Z","timestamp":1793844533094,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019018","name":"CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-1-I2M-043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-1-I2M-043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019018","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Major Science and Technology Special Projects of Yunnan Province, China","award":["202002AA100009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202002AA100009"]}]},{"name":"the China Health and Longevity Innovation Competition","award":["2021-JKCS-012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-JKCS-012"]}]},{"name":"the Special Biomedicine Projects of Yunnan Province","award":["202102AA310035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102AA310035"]}]},{"name":"the Basic Research Projects of Yunnan Province","award":["202101AT070286"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202101AT070286"]}]},{"name":"the Funds for the Training of High-level Health Technical Personnel in Yunnan Province","award":["H-2019063"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H-2019063"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vaccines"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Glycoprotein E (gE) is one of the most abundant glycoproteins in varicella-zoster virus and plays pivotal roles in virus replication and transmission between ganglia cells. Its extracellular domain has been successfully used as an antigen in subunit zoster vaccines. The intracellular C-terminal domain was reported to be decisive for gE trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum, trans-Golgi network and endosomes and could influence virus spread and virus titers. Considering that the trafficking and distribution of mRNA vaccine-translated gE may be different from those of gE translated against the background of the viral genome (e.g., most gE in virus-infected cells exists as heterodimers with another glycoprotein, gI,), which may influence the immunogenicity of gE-based mRNA vaccines, we compared the humoral and cellular immunity induced by LNP-encapsulated mRNA sequences encoding the whole length of gE, the extracellular domain of gE and a C-terminal double mutant of gE (mutant Y569A with original motif AYRV, which targets gE to TGN, and mutants S593A, S595A, T596A and T598A with the original motif SSTT) that were reported to enhance virus spread and elevate virus titers. The results showed that while the humoral and cellular immunity induced by all of the mRNA vaccines was comparable to or better than that induced by the AS01B-adjuvanted subunit vaccines, the C-terminal double mutant of gE showed stable advantages in all of the indicators tested, including gE-specific IgG titers and T cell responses, and could be adopted as a candidate for both safer varicella vaccines and effective zoster vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines9121440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T03:21:05Z","timestamp":1638847265000},"page":"1440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of Varicella-Zoster Virus Glycoprotein E Carboxyl-Terminal Mutation on mRNA Vaccine Efficacy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Han","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8559-7464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangyang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2101-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cunbao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035389","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine","volume":"384","author":"Baden","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. 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