{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T06:39:25Z","timestamp":1793083165057,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE) is a major cause of subfertility in horses and the susceptibility is increased by several factors. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of clinical uterine findings and PBIE therapies, respectively, on pregnancy rate in mares. The analysis included records from 220 mares (390 cycles) inseminated at an artificial insemination (AI) center in Switzerland. Gynecological examinations were performed repeatedly before and after AI to determine cervical tone, uterine edema, and intrauterine fluid accumulation. Pregnancy rate was lower (p &lt; 0.001) in barren mares compared to mares of other reproductive status. A more flaccid cervix (p = 0.009) was observed at the time of ovulation in pregnant cycles, but there was no difference (p &gt; 0.05) regarding uterine edema. Intrauterine fluid accumulation reduced pregnancy rate (p = 0.002). Oxytocin administration had beneficial effects on pregnancy rate (p = 0.015), especially for barren mares, while uterine lavage did not have any effect (p &gt; 0.05). The results show that cervical tone and intrauterine fluid accumulation, but not its degree, are useful parameters for assessment of fertility in mares. Oxytocin treatment improved pregnancy rates in mares with PBIE while uterine lavage had a limited effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10040259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T01:33:00Z","timestamp":1680053580000},"page":"259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Relationship between Clinical Uterine Findings, Therapy, and Fertility in the Mare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9599-0830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragos","family":"Scarlet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"},{"name":"Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1433-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Malama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Knutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tierarztpraxis KLC, 1562 Corcelles-pr\u00e8s-Payerne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Bollwein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jevs.2003.10.003","article-title":"Retrospective Study on the Incidence of Postinsemination Uterine Fluid in Mares Inseminated with Frozen\/Thawed Semen","volume":"23","author":"Barbacini","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. 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