{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T16:24:34Z","timestamp":1761582274684,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"the Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brazil (CAPES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to compare the hemodynamic effects of dobutamine and ephedrine during the management of anesthesia-related hypotension in healthy horses. Thirteen horses underwent general anesthesia with isoflurane and were randomly divided into two different groups, one of which received a dobutamine constant rate infusion (CRI) (1 \u00b5g\/kg bwt\/min) and the other received an ephedrine CRI (20 \u00b5g\/kg bwt\/min) when hypotension (&lt;60 mmHg) was identified, following up to 15 min after the blood pressure reached 70 mmHg. All horses were equipped with a pulmonary artery catheter and a peripheral artery catheter, and multiparameter monitoring commenced as soon as they were under mechanical ventilation. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded, while tissue perfusion markers (peripheral oxygen saturation, arterial oxygen partial pressure, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, arterial pH, arterial plasma bicarbonate concentration, arterial oxygen saturation, mixed venous oxygen saturation, mixed venous oxygen content, arterial oxygen content, arteriovenous oxygen difference, oxygen delivery index, oxygen consumption index, and oxygen extraction ratio), serum lactate concentration, and troponin I concentrations were analyzed before the start of infusions (T0), when the blood pressure reached 70 mmHg (T1), and 15 min after T1 (T2). The time to restore the arterial pressure was similar in both groups (p &gt; 0.05); however, the heart rate was higher in the ephedrine group (p = 0.0098), and sinus bradyarrhythmia occurred in the dobutamine group. Furthermore, both experimental protocols increased cardiac output (p = 0.0012), cardiac index (p = 0.0013), systemic vascular resistance (p = 0.008), systemic vascular resistance index (p &lt; 0.001), and ameliorated perfusion markers. In the dobutamine group, the pulmonary artery wedge pressure (p &lt; 0.001) and systolic index (p = 0.003) were elevated, while the arteriovenous oxygen difference was reduced in the ephedrine group (p = 0.02). Troponin I was used as a myocardial injury indicator, and did not differ between moments or between groups (p &gt; 0.05). We concluded that both drugs were effective and safe to treat anesthetic hypotension under the conditions of this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10040278","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]],"date-time":"2023-04-06T05:21:23Z","timestamp":1680758483000},"page":"278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of Hemodynamic Effects of Dobutamine and Ephedrine Infusions in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Horses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sergio Grandisoli","family":"Garcia Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe Silveira Rego Monteiro","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosana Souza Thurler","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas Alai\u00e3o","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Aur\u00e9lio Amador","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8066-4787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Fernando","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline Magalh\u00e3es","family":"Ambr\u00f3sio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8452-2038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise Tabacchi","family":"Fantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, 87 Professor Orlando Marques Paiva Ave., S\u00e3o Paulo 05508-270, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2008.10.002","article-title":"Complications in equine anesthesia","volume":"24","author":"Wagner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. 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