{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T01:46:48Z","timestamp":1788486408478,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]],"date-time":"2023-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry (IPET) through the Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs Convergence Technologies Program for Educating Creative Global Leader Program","award":["320005-04-3-SB090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320005-04-3-SB090"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003624","name":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["320005-04-3-SB090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["320005-04-3-SB090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003624","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella Enteritidis is a common foodborne pathogen transmitted through poultry products, which are its main carriers. Poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella Enteritidis in many countries, despite the absence of clinical symptoms, using commercially available live-attenuated vaccines. We previously constructed a highly attenuated temperature-sensitive (ts) Salmonella Enteritidis mutant, 2S-G10. In the present study, we describe the construction and attenuation-associated characteristics of 2S-G10. We infected 1-day-old chicks with 2S-G10 and the parental strains to evaluate the attenuation. One week after infection, 2S-G10 was not detected in the liver, cecum, or cecal tonsil tissues of the orally inoculated chicks, contrary to the parental strain. This indicates that 2S-G10 was highly attenuated when compared to the parental stain. In vitro experiments revealed the inability of 2S-G10 to grow at the normal body temperature of chickens and invade chicken liver epithelial cells. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis between the complete genome sequence of 2S-G10 and its parental strain revealed SNPs in bcsE, recG, rfaF, and pepD_1 genes, which are involved in epithelial cell invasion and persistence in host systems, growth, lipopolysaccharide core biosynthesis, and cellular survival under heat stress, respectively. These potential characteristics are consistent with the findings of in vitro experiments. Conclusively, chemical treatment\u2013induced random genetic mutations highly attenuated 2S-G10, implying its potential to be developed as a novel live-attenuated vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10050313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,26]],"date-time":"2023-04-26T01:44:42Z","timestamp":1682473482000},"page":"313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Characteristics of a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Strain of Salmonella Enteritidis and Its Potential as a Live Vaccine Candidate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5573-6774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunjin","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-Min","family":"La","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9788-177X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Jae","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taesoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-un","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyu-Hyung","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In-Soo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Yong","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1074-8162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joong-Bok","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority, and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2021). 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