{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:16:27Z","timestamp":1787030187134,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]],"date-time":"2023-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A 2-year-old neutered female Small Munsterlander dog was presented for an insect bite. Physical examination revealed a poor body condition, a peripheral lymphadenomegaly, and suspected splenomegaly. A complete blood count (Sysmex XN-V) revealed marked leukocytosis with lymphocytosis and abnormal dot plots. An abnormal monomorphic lymphoid population and marked rouleaux formation were noted on the blood smear. Lymph node aspirates contained an atypical bimorphic population of lymphocytes, either with a plasmacytoid or a blastic appearance. This double population was also found in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, tonsils, and other tissues. Peripheral blood and lymph node clonality assays revealed clonal BCR gene rearrangement. Flow cytometry revealed a mixed population of small-sized B-cells (CD79a+ CD21+ MHCII+) and medium-sized B-cells (CD79a+ CD21\u2212 MHCII\u2212) in lymph nodes and a dominant population of small-sized mature B-cells (CD21+ MHCII+) in peripheral blood. Though normoproteinemic, serum protein electrophoresis revealed an increased \u03b12-globulin fraction with an atypical restricted peak, identified as monoclonal IgM by immunofixation. Urine protein immunofixation revealed a Bence-Jones proteinuria. A diagnosis of Waldenstr\u00f6m\u2019s macroglobulinemia was made. Chemotherapy was initiated, but the dog was euthanized 12 months after the initial presentation due to marked clinical degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10050355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T01:58:06Z","timestamp":1684288686000},"page":"355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Waldenstr\u00f6m\u2019s Macroglobulinemia in a Normoproteinemic Dog with Atypical Bimorphic Plasmacytoid Differentiation and Monoclonal Gammopathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maud","family":"Guerlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"CREFRE, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Mourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Animaux de Compagnie, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy L\u2019Etoile, 69007 Lyon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9882-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-434X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Soetart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LabOniris\u2014Department of Biology, Pathology and Food Science, Oniris\u2014Nantes Atlantic National College of Veterinary Medicine, Food Science and Engineering, 44300 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1567-8055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Comazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of Milan, Via dell\u2019Universit\u00e0 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9717-5808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Trumel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"CREFRE, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSERM, ENVT, UPS, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3026-4501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fanny","family":"Granat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement des Sciences Cliniques des Animaux de Compagnie et de Sport, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France"},{"name":"CRCT, Universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, INSERM, UMR 1037, ENVT, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks, M.B., Harr, K.E., Seelig, D.M., Wardrop, K.J., and Weiss, D.J. 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