{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:15:45Z","timestamp":1760148945851,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Three-Year Public Health Action Plan of Shanghai","award":["GWV-10.1-XK13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GWV-10.1-XK13"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Przhevalskiana silenus (warble fly) grubs cause myiasis in goats, in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas and different regions in Pakistan, and cause substantial losses to livestock. The palpation method for detecting warble flies generally neglects the infestation intensity; therefore, the development of a reliable and efficient diagnostic technique is extremely necessary. This study compared three indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods for detecting anti-P. silenus antibodies using the hypodermin C (HyC) purified from Hypoderma spp. Larvae collected in cattle (local isolate, Microbiology Laboratory, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi), the crude antigen from the first instar stage of P. silenus, and a commercial Bovine Hypodermosis Antibody ELISA kit (IDEXX Laboratory), for accurately estimating the seroprevalence of goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) in the Pothwar plateau, Punjab, Pakistan. The ELISA with the crude antigen of P. silenus proved very sensitive and specific, 91% and 93%, respectively. The optical density exhibited a monthly variation, and the antibody titer began increasing from June, continually increased from July to December, and gradually decreased thereafter until March. The study confirmed the endemic status of GWFI in the Pothwar region and identified that ELISA based on the crude antigen of P. silenus was a more sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic method for determining seroprevalence, and could be employed for initiating nationwide eradication campaigns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10060396","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T02:54:33Z","timestamp":1686884073000},"page":"396","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Different ELISA Methods for the Serodiagnosis of Przhevalskiana silenus Infestation in Goats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sadia","family":"Liaqat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"Celik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3567-326X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sami","family":"Simsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Firat, 23119 Elazig, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4914-1990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Faheem","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSTS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 46400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaocheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, COMSTS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad 46400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1974-0047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jianping","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China"},{"name":"The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200024, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Ankara Kecisi Hypodermosis\u2019i uzerinde arastirmalar. 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