{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:29:24Z","timestamp":1789180164487,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]],"date-time":"2023-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"a Dogs Trust Canine Welfare Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of heat-related illness (HRI) in dogs has received limited attention in the veterinary literature, especially regarding effective cooling methods. Guidelines published in 2016 for prehospital management of dogs with HRI advised \u201ccool first, transport second\u201d, and recommended using cold-water immersion and evaporative cooling (water application with air movement) as the optimal approaches to reduce the patient\u2019s temperature. The current retrospective cross-sectional observation study analysed electronic patient records from the VetCompass programme to describe the cooling methods used in dogs with HRI presented to primary care veterinary practices during 2016\u20132018. Of 623 HRI events identified, 341 (54.74%, 95% CI 50.81\u201358.60%) included information on cooling in their clinical record. Of these, 74\/341 (21.70%, 95% CI 17.65\u201326.38%) were cooled prior to transport for veterinary care. Overall, 23.97% (95% CI 19.24\u201329.44%) were cooled using one of the two recommended cooling methods, whilst the most common cooling method recorded was the application of wet towels (51.31%, 95% CI 45.34\u201357.24%). Canine cooling guidance and messaging in both the public and veterinary sectors requires urgent review to ensure that the most effective cooling methods are promoted because delays to canine temperature reduction worsen patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:56:47Z","timestamp":1689555407000},"page":"465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cooling Methods Used to Manage Heat-Related Illness in Dogs Presented to Primary Care Veterinary Practices during 2016\u20132018 in the UK"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9978-8736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6216-2377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne J.","family":"Carter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Scottish Rural Colleges, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5210-9524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jude","family":"Bradbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7586-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sian","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1610-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sophie","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vets Now, Penguin House, Castle Riggs, Dunfermline KY11 8SG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4058-2781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Barfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1115-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dan G.","family":"O\u2019Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011089","article-title":"Heat Stroke","volume":"346","author":"Bouchama","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. 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