{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:13:45Z","timestamp":1790802825267,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"AnimalBiome"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is growing interest in the application of fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) in small animal medicine, but there are few published studies that have tested their effects in the domestic cat (Felis catus). Here we use 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine fecal microbiome changes in 46 domestic cats with chronic digestive issues that received FMTs using lyophilized stool that was delivered in oral capsules. Fecal samples were collected from FMT recipients before and two weeks after the end of the full course of 50 capsules, as well as from their stool donors (N = 10), and other healthy cats (N = 113). The fecal microbiomes of FMT recipients varied with host clinical signs and dry kibble consumption, and shifts in the relative abundances of Clostridium, Collinsella, Megamonas, Desulfovibrio and Escherichia were observed after FMT. Overall, donors shared 13% of their bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) with FMT recipients and the most commonly shared ASVs were classified as Prevotella 9, Peptoclostridium, Bacteroides, and Collinsella. Lastly, the fecal microbiomes of cats with diarrhea became more similar to the microbiomes of age-matched and diet-matched healthy cats compared to cats with constipation. Overall, our results suggest that microbiome responses to FMT may be modulated by the FMT recipient\u2019s initial presenting clinical signs, diet, and their donor\u2019s microbiome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10090561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:23:42Z","timestamp":1693995822000},"page":"561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Microbiome Responses to Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cats with Chronic Digestive Issues"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Connie A.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhandra","family":"Entrolezo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica K.","family":"Jarett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Jospin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn D.","family":"Kingsbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0159-2197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genome Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"},{"name":"Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly H.","family":"Ganz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AnimalBiome, Oakland, CA 94609, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1373208","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2017.1373208","article-title":"Intestinal Barrier and Gut Microbiota: Shaping Our Immune Responses throughout Life","volume":"5","author":"Takiishi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6667715","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6667715","article-title":"Age-Based Variations in the Gut Microbiome of the Shennongjia (Hubei) Golden Snub-Nosed Monkey (Rhinopithecus Roxellana Hubeiensis)","volume":"2021","author":"Yao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganz, H.H., Jospin, G., Rojas, C.A., Martin, A.L., Dahlhausen, K., Kingsbury, D.D., Osborne, C.X., Entrolezo, Z., Redner, S., and Ramirez, B. (2022). The Kitty Microbiome Project: Defining the Healthy Fecal \u201cCore Microbiome\u201d in Pet Domestic Cats. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9110635"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16552","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Composition Does Not Associate with Toxoplasma Infection in Rats","volume":"31","author":"Taggart","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2020.62.2.239","article-title":"Difference of Gut Microbiota Composition Based on the Body Condition Scores in Dogs","volume":"62","author":"Chun","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8470","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.8470","article-title":"Comparative Metagenomics Analysis Reveals How the Diet Shapes the Gut Microbiota in Several Small Mammals","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000519722","article-title":"A Test of Foraging Models Using Dietary Diversity Indices for the Lomako Forest Bonobos","volume":"92","author":"Hickmott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Folia Primatol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523-021-00126-z","article-title":"Antibiotics and Fecal Transfaunation Differentially Affect Microbiota Recovery, Associations, and Antibiotic Resistance in Lemur Guts","volume":"3","author":"Bornbusch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-020-00855-0","article-title":"Coinfection and Infection Duration Shape How Pathogens Affect the African Buffalo Gut Microbiota","volume":"15","author":"Sabey","year":"2021","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s13258-020-01029-0","article-title":"Metagenomics Analysis of the Gut Microbiome in Healthy and Bacterial Pneumonia Forest Musk Deer","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Genes Genom."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04580-1","article-title":"Dissection of the Gut Microbiota in Mothers and Children with Chronic Trichuris Trichiura Infection in Pemba Island, Tanzania","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0073420","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00734-20","article-title":"Influenza Virus Infection Impairs the Gut\u2019s Barrier Properties and Favors Secondary Enteric Bacterial Infection through Reduced Production of Short-Chain Fatty Acids","volume":"89","author":"Sencio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00935-19","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00935-19","article-title":"Infection-Induced Intestinal Dysbiosis Is Mediated by Macrophage Activation and Nitrate Production","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertolini, M., Ranjan, A., Thompson, A., Diaz, P.I., Sobue, T., Maas, K., and Dongari-Bagtzoglou, A. (2019). Candida Albicans Induces Mucosal Bacterial Dysbiosis That Promotes Invasive Infection. PLoS Pathog., 15.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007717"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i23.2546","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Metabolic Diseases: Current Status and Perspectives","volume":"28","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2018.11.002","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Tool to Treat and Reduce Susceptibility to Disease in Animals","volume":"206","author":"Niederwerder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuniyazi, M., Hu, X., Fu, Y., and Zhang, N. (2022). Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Application and Possible Mechanisms. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9080396"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00104","article-title":"Commentary: Bacteriophage Transfer during Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Clostridium difficile Infection Is Associated with Treatment Outcome","volume":"8","author":"Anonye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akutko, K., and Stawarski, A. (2021). Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J. Clin. Med. Res., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10112466"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.05.009","article-title":"Rumen Transfaunation","volume":"162","author":"DePeters","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_21","first-page":"31","article-title":"Balamurugan Rumen Transfaunation an Effective Method for Treating Simple Indigestion in Ruminants","volume":"17","author":"Mandal","year":"2017","journal-title":"North-East Vet."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00192","article-title":"Fecal Microbial and Metabolic Profiles in Dogs with Acute Diarrhea Receiving Either Fecal Microbiota Transplantation or Oral Metronidazole","volume":"7","author":"Chaitman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15072","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Puppies with Canine Parvovirus Infection","volume":"32","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.21-0063","article-title":"Successful Outcome after a Single Endoscopic Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Shiba Dog with Non-Responsive Enteropathy during the Treatment with Chlorambucil","volume":"83","author":"Sugita","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Innocente, G., Patuzzi, I., Furlanello, T., Di Camillo, B., Bargelloni, L., Giron, M.C., Facchin, S., Savarino, E., Azzolin, M., and Simionati, B. (2022). Machine Learning and Canine Chronic Enteropathies: A New Approach to Investigate FMT Effects. Vet. Sci., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci9090502"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01631","article-title":"Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Is Associated with Reduced Morbidity and Mortality in Porcine Circovirus Associated Disease","volume":"9","author":"Niederwerder","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"582","article-title":"Evaluation of Fecal Microbiota Transfer as Treatment for Postweaning Diarrhea in Research-Colony Puppies","volume":"55","author":"Burton","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Porcari, S., Baunwall, S.M.D., Occhionero, A.S., Ingrosso, M.R., Ford, A.C., Hvas, C.L., Gasbarrini, A., Cammarota, G., and Ianiro, G. (J. Autoimmun., 2023). Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent C. difficile Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, J. Autoimmun., in press.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103036"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cold, F., Svensson, C.K., Petersen, A.M., Hansen, L.H., and Helms, M. (2022). Long-Term Safety Following Faecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Treatment for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Compared with Patients Treated with a Fixed Bacterial Mixture: Results from a Retrospective Cohort Study. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030435"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"705","article-title":"Webb Preliminary Clinical and Microbiome Assessment of Stool Transplantation in the Dog and Cat","volume":"27","author":"Weese","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"35","article-title":"Mor First Case Report of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in a Cat in Israel","volume":"72","author":"Furmanski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isr. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.3109\/00365529709011203","article-title":"Stool Form Scale as a Useful Guide to Intestinal Transit Time","volume":"32","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00611","DOI":"10.1002\/mbo3.611","article-title":"A 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Analysis Protocol for the Illumina MiniSeq Platform","volume":"7","author":"Pichler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiologyopen"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3869","article-title":"DADA2: High-Resolution Sample Inference from Illumina Amplicon Data","volume":"13","author":"Callahan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"R Core Team (2021). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1219","article-title":"The SILVA Ribosomal RNA Gene Database Project: Improved Data Processing and Web-Based Tools","volume":"41","author":"Quast","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D643","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1209","article-title":"The SILVA and \u201cAll-Species Living Tree Project (LTP)\u201d Taxonomic Frameworks","volume":"42","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurdie, P.J., and Holmes, S. (2014). Waste Not, Want Not: Why Rarefying Microbiome Data Is Inadmissible. PLoS Comput. Biol., 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003531"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McMurdie, P.J., and Holmes, S. (2013). Phyloseq: An R Package for Reproducible Interactive Analysis and Graphics of Microbiome Census Data. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061217"},{"key":"ref_40","unstructured":"Lahti, L., and Shetty, S. (2023, June 29). Introduction to the Microbiome R Package. Available online: https:\/\/microbiome.github.io\/tutorials\/."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq166","article-title":"Picante: R Tools for Integrating Phylogenies and Ecology","volume":"26","author":"Kembel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-025","article-title":"Using DECIPHER v2. 0 to Analyze Big Biological Sequence Data in R","volume":"8","author":"Wright","year":"2016","journal-title":"R J."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq706","article-title":"Phangorn: Phylogenetic Analysis in R","volume":"27","author":"Schliep","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates, D., M\u00e4chler, M., Bolker, B., and Walker, S. (2014). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. arXiv.","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fox, J., and Weisberg, S. (2018). An R Companion to Applied Regression, SAGE Publications.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.carData"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wickham, H. (2009). ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-98141-3"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Oksanen, J. (2023, June 29). Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R Package Version 1.8-5. Available online: http:\/\/www.cran.r-project.org."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2015.04.002","article-title":"Microbiota and Probiotics in Canine and Feline Welfare","volume":"34","author":"Endo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anaerobe"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3377","article-title":"Companion Animals Symposium: Microbes and Gastrointestinal Health of Dogs and Cats","volume":"89","author":"Suchodolski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2020.e00711","article-title":"Fatal Outcome of Gastric Perforation due to Infection with Sarcina spp. A Case Report","volume":"19","author":"Dumitru","year":"2020","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/0190-9622(95)90296-1","article-title":"Dog, Cat, and Human Bites: A Review","volume":"33","author":"Griego","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.200810425","article-title":"Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models","volume":"50","author":"Hothorn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biom. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01964-3","article-title":"Variability of Strain Engraftment and Predictability of Microbiome Composition after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation across Different Diseases","volume":"28","author":"Ianiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-017-0218-5","article-title":"Differences in the Gut Microbiota of Dogs (Canis Lupus Familiaris) Fed a Natural Diet or a Commercial Feed Revealed by the Illumina MiSeq Platform","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Pathog."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt, M., Unterer, S., Suchodolski, J.S., Honneffer, J.B., Guard, B.C., Lidbury, J.A., Steiner, J.M., Fritz, J., and K\u00f6lle, P. (2018). The Fecal Microbiome and Metabolome Differs between Dogs Fed Bones and Raw Food (BARF) Diets and Dogs Fed Commercial Diets. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201279"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01231","article-title":"The Fecal Microbiota in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Is Influenced by Interactions Between Age and Diet; A Five Year Longitudinal Study","volume":"9","author":"Bermingham","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01266","article-title":"The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease","volume":"11","author":"Wernimont","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591462","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.591462","article-title":"Differential Responses to Dietary Protein and Carbohydrate Ratio on Gut Microbiome in Obese vs. Lean Cats","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pa\u00dflack, N., Thies, L.V., Vahjen, W., and Zentek, J. (2022). Effects of the Protein Concentration and Quality in a Canned Diet on the Fecal Microbiota of Healthy Adult Cats. Metabolites, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12020105"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.07.001","article-title":"Feline Infectious Diarrhea","volume":"23","author":"Cook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12439265","article-title":"Feline Alimentary Lymphoma: 1. Classification, Risk Factors, Clinical Signs and Non-Invasive Diagnostics","volume":"14","author":"Barrs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.214.09.1336","article-title":"Health Status and Population Characteristics of Dogs and Cats Examined at Private Veterinary Practices in the United States","volume":"214","author":"Lund","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X12473466","article-title":"Mechanisms, Causes, Investigation and Management of Vomiting Disorders in Cats: A Literature Review","volume":"15","author":"Batchelor","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6290","article-title":"Chronic Vomiting in Cats: Etiology and Diagnostic Testing","volume":"52","author":"Hauck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"103","article-title":"Feline Hyperthyroidism: Pretreatment Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation of 131 Cases","volume":"183","author":"Peterson","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-5616(02)00020-7","article-title":"Megacolon in the Cat","volume":"32","author":"Bertoy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.11.082","article-title":"Stool Consistency, but Not Frequency, Correlates with Total Gastrointestinal Transit Time in Children","volume":"162","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stavroulaki, E.M., Suchodolski, J.S., Pilla, R., Fosgate, G.T., Sung, C.-H., Lidbury, J.A., Steiner, J.M., and Xenoulis, P.G. (2021). Short- and Long-Term Effects of Amoxicillin\/clavulanic Acid or Doxycycline on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Growing Cats. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1101\/2021.05.28.446115"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00079","article-title":"Omeprazole Minimally Alters the Fecal Microbial Community in Six Cats: A Pilot Study","volume":"5","author":"Schmid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2018.1560754","article-title":"Effects of a Synbiotic on the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolomic Profiles of Healthy Research Cats Administered Clindamycin: A Randomized, Controlled Trial","volume":"10","author":"Whittemore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30090","article-title":"Antibiotic-Associated Disruption of Microbiota Composition and Function in Cirrhosis Is Restored by Fecal Transplant","volume":"68","author":"Mullish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.014","article-title":"Faecal Microbiota Transplantation Shortens the Colonisation Period and Allows Re-Entry of Patients Carrying Carbapenamase-Producing Bacteria into Medical Care Facilities","volume":"53","author":"Lagier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.01.010","article-title":"Faecal Microbiota Transplant for Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Lesson in Applying Best Practice? Re: \u201cA Five-Day Course of Oral Antibiotics Followed by Faecal Transplantation to Eradicate Carriage of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: A Randomized Clinical Trial\u201d","volume":"25","author":"Mullish","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2017.1334034","article-title":"Limited Engraftment of Donor Microbiome via One-Time Fecal Microbial Transplantation in Treated HIV-Infected Individuals","volume":"8","author":"Rutishauser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0097521","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00975-21","article-title":"Dynamic Colonization of Microbes and Their Functions after Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"12","author":"Chu","year":"2021","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.01.003","article-title":"Strain Tracking Reveals the Determinants of Bacterial Engraftment in the Human Gut Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","volume":"23","author":"Smillie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-022-01251-w","article-title":"Metagenomic strain detection with SameStr: Identification of a persisting core gut microbiota transferable by fecal transplantation","volume":"10","author":"Podlesny","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01913-0","article-title":"Drivers and Determinants of Strain Dynamics Following Fecal Microbiota Transplantation","volume":"28","author":"Schmidt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00441-5","article-title":"Recipient Factors in Faecal Microbiota Transplantation: One Stool Does Not Fit All","volume":"18","author":"Danne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butowski, C.F., Thomas, D.G., Young, W., Cave, N.J., McKenzie, C.M., Rosendale, D.I., and Bermingham, E.N. (2019). Addition of Plant Dietary Fibre to a Raw Red Meat High Protein, High Fat Diet, Alters the Faecal Bacteriome and Organic Acid Profiles of the Domestic Cat (Felis catus). PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216072"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From Dietary Fiber to Host Physiology: Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Key Bacterial Metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1038\/cti.2016.29","article-title":"Dietary Metabolites and the Gut Microbiota: An Alternative Approach to Control Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"5","author":"Richards","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13589","article-title":"Formation of Propionate and Butyrate by the Human Colonic Microbiota","volume":"19","author":"Louis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1242-9","article-title":"Microbiota Metabolite Short Chain Fatty Acids, GPCR, and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"52","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.23571","article-title":"High-Throughput DNA Sequence Analysis Reveals Stable Engraftment of Gut Microbiota Following Transplantation of Previously Frozen Fecal Bacteria","volume":"4","author":"Hamilton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/9\/561\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:46:04Z","timestamp":1760129164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2306-7381\/10\/9\/561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["vetsci10090561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vetsci10090561","relation":{},"ISSN":["2306-7381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2306-7381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]]}}}